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In order to further improve the performance of NOx storage-reduction catalysts (NSR catalysts), focus was placed on their high temperature performance deterioration via sulfur poisoning and heat deterioration. The reactions between the basicity or acidity of supports and the storage element, potassium, were analyzed. It was determined that the high temperature performance of NSR catalysts is enhanced by the interaction between potassium and zirconia, which is a basic metal oxide. Also, a new zirconia-titania complex metal oxides was developed to improve high temperature performance and to promote the desorption of sulfur from the supports after aging.

Brake pads are composite materials made from dozens of ingredients intended to simultaneously satisfy various performances such as brake effectiveness, wear, noise and vibrations. For this reason, the friction phenomena that occur during braking are complicated. It is important to clarify the friction phenomena, but that is not easy because the associated complexities as mentioned above. We looked to acoustic emission (AE) as an online evaluation method of friction phenomena. AE is a non-destructive testing method that measures elastic stress waves caused by the deformation and fracturing of materials. In fact, it has been reported that the difference between abrasive wear and adhesive wear of a metal can be identified from the change in the frequency spectrum of AE signals. In this study, we verify whether differences in the friction phenomena of brake pads are detectable by the AE method. Three kinds of brake pads were used in the experiments.

This study aims to incorporate the dynamic stiffness of pads into the finite element method (FEM) used for brake design in order to improve the accuracy of FEM analyses. In the first step, the vibration caused by a disk brake squeal is simulated in order to measure the dynamic stiffness of the brake pads. We then compare this result with the static stiffness result obtained from a past static compressive strain and show that these different modes of stiffness have different characteristics. The dynamic stiffness of the pad is higher than the static stiffness and is greatly dependent on pressure load. The next step is to show, from the squeal experiments using a simple squeal tester and FEM analysis, that it is dynamic stiffness and not static stiffness of the pads that correlates to squeal.