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Diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines with early injection can result in significant spray/wall impingement which seriously affects the fuel efficiency and emissions. In this paper, the spray/wall interaction models which are available in the literatures are reviewed, and the characteristics of modeling including spray impingement regime, splash threshold, mass fraction, size and velocity of the second droplets are summarized. Then three well developed spray/wall interaction models, O'Rourke and Amsden (OA) model, Bai and Gosman (BG) model and Han, Xu and Trigui (HXT) model, are implemented into KIVA-3V code, and validated by the experimental data from recent literatures under the conditions related to diesel HCCI engines. By comparing the spray pattern, droplet mass, size and velocity after the impingement, the thickness of the wall film and vapor distribution with the experimental data, the performance of these three models are evaluated.

Diesel engine emissions are directly influenced by the air fuel mixture within the cylinder chamber. Increasing concern over the environment impacts of the exhaust pollutants has enforced the setting of emissions legislation since the 1960s. In the last decades emissions legislations have become stricter which resulted to the introduction of multiple injection strategies and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in the cylinder in order to abate emissions produced. In this study, the effect of injection rate for double in-cylinder injection in combination with various EGR and bio-diesel fuel rates has been studied using CFD simulations. Taguchi orthogonal arrays have been used for reducing the number of simulations for possible combinations of different rates of injection quantities, EGR composition and bio-diesel quantities. Oneway analysis of variance technique (ANOVA) has been used to estimate the importance of the above factors to the emissions output and performance of the engine.

A three-dimensional simulation was carried out for investigating effects of negative valve overlap (NVO) on gas exchange and fuel-air mixing processes in a diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine with early fuel injection. It was found that the case with longer NVO produced a stronger swirl motion and a more significant vortex below the intake valve due to the high annular jet flow through the valve curtain area during the intake stroke. However, there was not much difference in the values of swirl ratio, tumble ratio and turbulence intensity between different NVOs at the end of compression stroke. It was also seen that enlarged NVO not just increased in-cylinder temperature but also improved the temperature homogeneity. With increased NVO, there is a bigger spray shape and more droplets exist in gaps of sprays. This demonstrates that stronger turbulence intensity and higher temperature homogeneity with higher NVO improve fuel vaporization and air-fuel mixing.

Owing to the potentials for low NOx and soot emissions, diesel PCCI combustion has been widely studied over last 10 years. However, its control is still the main barrier to constrain it to be applied on production engines. As there are a number of variables which affect the mixing and combustion process, it is difficult to develop control strategies with adequate functions but simple control order for implementing them. In the current research, a reformed Homogeneity Factor (HF) of in-cylinder charge has been explored as a control medium for simplifying the control model structure. Based on multi-pulse injection, the effects of operating parameters on the Homogeneity Factor and the relationship between Homogeneity Factor and mixing, combustion processes, emissions were investigated in a four-valve, direct-injection diesel engine by CFD simulation using KIVA-3V code coupled with detailed chemistry.