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Experimental Lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells were constructed with three different types of Li-ion cathode materials and two different graphitic anodes. The cathode materials were lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, LiNiXCoYAlZO2 (NCA), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, LiNiXCoYMnZO2 (NCM), and lithium iron phosphate, LiFePO4 (FEP). The two graphitic anodes differed only in particle size. The cells were built in lots identified by their cathode and anode materials. The goal was to develop a battery for Naval Aviation applications. Initial testing favored the cells built with an NCM cathode. Further testing was per MIL-PRF-8565/14(AS) with Amendment 1, which resulted in a reduced voltage range during testing favoring the NCA lots. The cells were tested under two different types of cycle life conditions. In both cases, the NCA lots fared best. The NCA lots also had the lowest DC Resistance (DC Res) results (both ≤10 mΩ).

Yardney Technical Products is developing a high energy density Li-ion cell tailored for NASA's Extravehicular Mobility Unit battery. The goal of the program is to develop a Li-ion technology which offers long storage and cycle life in a system which provides energy density and exercise performance comparable to the current 6.7kg Zn-AgO battery. The Zinc-Silver Oxide cells which are most commonly used in this application provide 400 Wh/l with a 32 cycle life at 26.6Ah and 1.55V with a rated wet life of 425 days. To improve the energy density of the Li-ion cells we have focused on improving the energy density of its components. In addition to using thin metal foil current collectors, the energy density of the cathode material was improved by utilizing a high capacity Co doped nickel oxide material. Further efforts have focused on developing a more energy dense carbonaceous anode material. The results of this effort are reviewed.