Search Results

Exhaust emissions measurements of a small 2-S Scooter Peugeot TSDI*), 50cc with different particle filters have been performed in this present work according to the measuring procedures, which were established in the previous research in the Swiss Scooter Network, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. The investigated particle filtration materials were supplied from different manufacturers as samples without specifications and they were applied by the research laboratory in a special muffler able to be taken apart. The investigated scooter represented a modern (2002) 2-stroke technology with direct injection, with oxidation catalyst and with injection of the lube oil to the intake air. Since there is a special concern about the particle emissions of the small engines, the particle mass and nanoparticle measurements were systematically carried out. The nanoparticulate emissions were measured by means of SMPS (CPC) and NanoMet*).

1 Small off-road 2-stroke SI-engines have very high pollutant emissions. The Swiss environmental protection agency (BUWAL) investigates the state of the technology and emissions with the scope to show the potential of improvements by means of the best available technology (BAT) and to motivate the consumers to use the more sophisticated equipment and cleaner fuels to protect their health and the environment. In the present work emission measurements of chainsaws were performed with a special concern of particulate emissions. Particulates were analysed by means of: gravimetry, SMPS, NanoMet and differential analysis of filter residue. The varied conditions were: A/F-ratio, lube-oil content and the fuel quality. It has been shown, that the particulate mass and the nanoparticle numbers, which both consisting almost exclusively of unburned lube-oil, attain very high values. They are strongly influenced by the mixture tuning and by the lube-oil content.

The objectives of the present work are to investigate the regulated and unregulated (particle) emissions of a classical and modern 2-stroke and a typical 4-stroke scooter with different ethanol blend fuels. There is also comparison of two different ethanol fuels: pure ethanol (E) *) and hydrous ethanol (EH) which contains 3.9% water and is denatured with 1.5% gasoline. Special attention is paid in this research to the hydrous ethanol, since the production costs of hydrous ethanol are much less than those for (dry) ethanol. The vehicles are with carburettor and without catalyst, which represents the most frequent technology in Eastern Asia and offers the information of engine-out emissions. Exhaust emissions measurements have been performed with fuels containing ethanol (E), or hydrous ethanol (EH) in the portion of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by volume. During the test systematical analysis of particle mass (PM) and nano-particles counts (NP) were carried out.