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This paper summarizes the techniques and guidelines which were used to reduce the driver perceived noise level of a 145-210 HP series of agricultural tractors. Graphs of case study test results and comments on subjective noise quality are provided to guide the acoustic novice through the complexities of the vehicle sound environment in a methodical problem solving format.

The AVL International Commercial Powertrain Conference is the premier forum for truck, agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers to discuss powertrain technology challenges and solutions across their industries. The topics of the conference, which happens every two years, cover all five elements of a modern powertrain: engine, transmission, electric motor, battery and the electronic control which are used basically the same way in the quest for optimal efficiency and environmental compatibility. This event offers a unique opportunity for highly regarded professionals to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. These proceedings include 21 papers from four categories of sessions: Setting the Scene; Different Worlds-Different Technologies; Engineering Partnerships and What Next in Development and Production.

The AVL International Commercial Powertrain Conference is the premier forum for truck, agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers to discuss powertrain technology challenges and solutions across their industries. The topics of the conference, which happens every two years, cover all five elements of a modern powertrain: engine, transmission, electric motor, battery and the electronic control which are used basically the same way in the quest for optimal efficiency and environmental compatibility. This event offers a unique opportunity for highly regarded professionals to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery.

J I Case Company has produced four-wheel-drive agricultural tractors since 1964. In 1984 however, the flagship of the Case fleet changed hands. Rising labor costs and larger farming operations spearheaded the need for a more efficient larger tractor. January 1984 marked the introduction of the largest four-wheel-drive tractor in the history of Case, the 4994, a 400-gross engine horsepower tractor, Figure 1. Sheer horsepower alone however, would not meet the requirements of today's farming operations. Case Engineering realized that tomorrows tractors must have sufficient power to handle the wide variety of attachments available. They also realized that along with the unmatched power must come precise control of the attachment. These advancements in farming have required improvements to the tractor hydraulic system. This paper describes the hydraulic system of the 4994, Case's new flagship.

The AVL International Commercial Powertrain Conference is the premier forum for truck, agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers to discuss powertrain technology challenges and solutions across their industries. The topics of the conference, which happens every two years, cover all five elements of a modern powertrain: engine, transmission, electric motor, battery and the electronic control which are used basically the same way in the quest for optimal efficiency and environmental compatibility. This event offers a unique opportunity for highly regarded professionals to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. These proceedings include 21 papers from four categories of sessions: Setting the Scene; Different Worlds - Same Technologies; Industry Specific Product Solutions and The Future of Commercial Powertrain Development.

The story of Power Farming is the great saga of our times. It is a story of free enterprise, perseverance and endurance of the individual, of vision, idealism and cooperation among men, of the lightening of human toil and the release of millions of workers from farms to feed the ever hungry industrial revolution. By no means least, it is the story of producing food necessary to win two global wars, keep our allies alive and millions of the defeated enemy from starvation. FOREWARD By 1915, the Steam Traction Engine had attained its highest development. It was the forerunner, rather than the predecessor, of the farm tractor. The former was the instrument of expansion; the latter, the instrument of progress. The invention of the tractor, following by only sixteen years Otto's practical embodiment application of the Beau de Rochas power cycle to a heat engine, marked the advent of a new order - - the age of Power Farming.

The AVL International Commercial Powertrain Conference is the premier forum for truck, agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers to discuss powertrain technology challenges and solutions across their industries. The topics of the conference, which happens every two years, cover all five elements of a modern powertrain: engine, transmission, electric motor, battery and the electronic control which are used basically the same way in the quest for optimal efficiency and environmental compatibility. This event offers a unique opportunity for highly regarded professionals to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. These proceedings include 23 papers from four categories of sessions: Setting the Scene; Different Industries - Same Topics; Innovative Products and Technologies, and Future Outlook.

The AVL International Commercial Powertrain Conference is the premier forum for truck, agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers to discuss powertrain technology challenges and solutions across their industries. The topics of the conference, which happens every two years, cover all five elements of a modern powertrain: engine, transmission, electric motor, battery and the electronic control which are used basically the same way in the quest for optimal efficiency and environmental compatibility. This event offers a unique opportunity for highly regarded professionals to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. These proceedings are being co-published with SAE International, via a strategic partnership.

The AVL International Commercial Powertrain Conference is the premier forum for truck, agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers to discuss powertrain technology challenges and solutions across their industries. The topics of the conference, which happens every two years, cover all five elements of a modern powertrain: engine, transmission, electric motor, battery and the electronic control which are used basically the same way in the quest for optimal efficiency and environmental compatibility. This event offers a unique opportunity for highly regarded professionals to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. The conference held in 2013 focused on CO2 reduction, one of the most talked-about subjects in the mobility arena.

Organized in cooperation with SAE International, AVL’s International Commercial Powertrain Conference- ICPC, happens every two years. This event offers a unique opportunity for engineers to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. In 2015, the 8th ICPC focused on alternative powertrain technologies and innovations improving operating efficiency. These proceedings include 17 papers focusing on the following topics: • Emissions reduction for heavy-duty vehicles • Alternative drivetrains • Autonomous driving • Connected driving • Efficiency • Alternative fuels • Product diversity • Challenges of cost vs. complexity

The 9000T track-type agricultural tractors mark John Deere's entry into the high-horsepower, track tractor market. The 360-HP 9300T and the 425-HP 9400T tractors were designed with input from customers to meet customers' needs. Through customer input, on-farm research, and common sense, these tractors have been designed to work light in the spring, heavy in the fall, handle steep hillsides, turn under load and pull like a locomotive. Incorporating many of the already-market-dominating features of the 9000 wheel tractors plus innovative track vehicle features such as the wide stance, long wheel base, controllability, power, and versatility, these machines are truly amazing.

Organized in cooperation with SAE International, AVL’s International Commercial Powertrain Conference- ICPC, happens every two years. It is the premier forum for truck, agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers to discuss powertrain technology challenges and solutions across their industries. This event offers a unique opportunity for engineers to address the synergy effects and distinctive characteristics of commercial vehicles, agricultural tractors and non-road vehicles, and industrial machinery. In 2017, the 9th ICPC focused on alternative powertrain technologies and innovations improving operating efficiency. These proceedings focus on: • Future challenges for engines and emissions • Smart Technologies Changing Farming • Cyber Physical Systems in Agriculture Business • OEM View of the Future of the Construction Machinery Industry • Powertrain Developments • CO2 Reduction • CVT Transmission Platform Technology • Autonomous and Connected Trucks

This paper describes the development of a high capacity, continuously variable traction drive. The principles of the drive and alternate drive arrangements to suit specific requirements are reviewed. Efficiency, shock load and endurance test results are presented. The design of a prototype unit which has been installed in a farm tractor is discussed. Applications to other self-propelled farm machinery are suggested.

The evolution of farm tractors had its beginning at the turn of the century. The designs were limited by the preference of purchasers who made their buying decisions motivated by profit making ability. Each new generation of tractors included safety features, but these virtues were disguised and advertised as productivity improvements. Earthmoving and material handling machines came into existence after World War II to displace the practice of adapting farm tractors. A whole new industry was created to meet the demand for immense construction and logging machines. The purchasers of these machines were employers who made their buying decisions based upon a different perspective than the former buyer-user farm tractor buyers. Regulations and requirements pertaining to safety became a part of the logging and construction industries in the latter part of the 1960's. Regional producers came into being to provide safety devices that met these requirements.

A machine was built to study non-rolling tire stiffness and damping coefficient of agricultural tractor tires in the vertical direction. Measurements of static deflection and contact area on a rigid surface can be performed. During dynamic experiments, a sinusoidal deflection function is imposed to the test tire to determine dynamic stiffness and damping coefficient. The experimental setup and methodology are described in this paper. A complete sample test and its analysis are also presented. This paper was approved for publication by the Director of the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station as publication number 93-07-7238. Trade names are used solely to provide specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a warranty of the product by the Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station of the LSU Agricultural Center nor an endorsement to the exclusion of other products not mentioned. The authors are François P. Brassart, Graduate Research Assistant, and Malcolm E.

A lumped parameter model consisting of a spring and coulomb friction is developed to simulate soil cutting by a plow blade vibrating horizontally. The spring represents blade and soil elasticity; the coulomb friction represents soil strength. Predicted instantaneous and average forces agree favorably with those obtained experimentally for a sinusoidally vibrating blade in a compacted silty sand. Results indicate that, for a given cutting speed, average force can be reduced by increasing frequency, displacement amplitude, and/or system stiffness. For practical design values of these parameters, the force can be reduced to 25% of the nonvibrating cutting force. Further reductions can be achieved only by large increases in the parameters.

Recently most of the Japanese tractors (10 - 40kw) have been equipped with an electro-hydraulic system for automatic depth and tilt control for the rotary tiller. This is a typical implement for the Japanese rice farming. The improved performance was needed to deal in the following areas. 1. In the muddy and rough soil pan condition, the tillage depth has to be kept at the satisfactory level while the engine speed stays within the operating range. 2. An automatic depth control must apply to rough tillage without using the conventional depth sensor (i.e. rotary tiller rear cover angle sensor). To meet these requirements, an automatic depth and tilt control system was developed. The two control modes (called MC-AUTO and E-AUTO) for the automatic depth control were developed by combining the conventional control method plus a load control method based on the fuzzy control theory.

The new X-by-Wire systems under study for commercial and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as for Agricultural Tractors, are increasingly real autonomous systems, capable to autonomously control a vehicle functionality, actuating the operator's commands, or managing in a complete autonomy a machine function. These application need an higher Performance Level from the functional safety point of view, due to the risk of a malfunction consequence. The paper deals with a new concept hydraulic spool valve that allow the design of new safer and more compacted hydraulic circuit architectures, ensuring higher safety performance levels. The architecture presents advantages both from performance (precision, fastness), both from operational point of view. The paper will focus in particular on safety and control topics. The new patented valve presents a secondary rotary type actuator connected to a sleeve interposed between the spool and the valve body, thus composing a roto-translating valve.

The design and development of a new four-stroke two-cylinder diesel engine family of 1.29 litre capacity for off road are discussed. The engine is in naturally aspirated and turbocharged and intercooled versions and rated from 11.9 kW/1500 rpm to 25.7 kW/2500 rpm. The engines were tuned for air and fuel flows, air utilisation, fuel air mixing, performance and emissions at steady state at a development lab and later certified in national labs. The high altitude capability of the TCIC was checked using a model. The engines rated at less than 19 kW satisfy India Generator set and off road norms of India and Europe equivalent to USTier4 standard, and at higher ratings, standard equivalent to US Tier4-interim. In the second part of the paper, the design of coolant and oil pumps, oil cooler for TCIC engine and the piston with steel oil control ring are discussed. The higher loaded TCIC engines use fillet hardened crankshafts of chromium molybdenum steel.