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This AIR is arranged in the following four sections: 2A - Properties of the Natural Environment 2B - Properties of Gases 2C - Properties of Liquids 2D - Properties of Solids A summary of each section is given below. Section 2A - This section includes currently applicable earth atmosphere standards (Refs. 101 and 103) and data on the near-Earth environment. Limited data on Mars and Venus reflected solar and planetary-emitted radiation and on micrometeorite data are also included. For space vehicle applications, environmental models are of two general types: orbital and reentry. For orbital models, variable properties such as time and solar flux are usually averaged. Reentry atmospheres are chiefly a function of location and altitude, and selection may be based on reentry location. Variation with latitude is an important local effect (Ref. 106). The electromagnetic solar radiation data in this section are for altitudes above the Earth’s atmosphere.

This AIR is arranged in the following four sections: 2A - Properties of the Natural Environment 2B - Properties of Gases 2C - Properties of Liquids 2D - Properties of Solids A summary of each section is given below.

This AIR is arranged in the following two sections: 2E - Thermodynamic Characteristics of Working Fluids, which contains thermodynamic diagrams for a number of working fluids currently in use and supplied by various industrial firms. 2F - Properties of Heat Transfer Fluids, which contains data, primarily in graphical form, on fluids that are frequently used in fluid heat transfer loops. Other properties of the environment, gases, liquids, and solids, can be found, as follows, in AIR1168/9: 2A-Properties of the Natural Environment 2B-Properties of Gases 2C-Properties of Liquids 2D-Properties of Solids

This AIR is arranged in the following two sections: 2E - Thermodynamic Characteristics of Working Fluids, which contains thermodynamic diagrams for a number of working fluids currently in use and supplied by various industrial firms. 2F - Properties of Heat Transfer Fluids, which contains data, primarily in graphical form, on fluids that are frequently used in fluid heat transfer loops. Other properties of the environment, gases, liquids, and solids, can be found, as follows, in AIR1168/9: 2A-Properties of the Natural Environment 2B-Properties of Gases 2C-Properties of Liquids 2D-Properties of Solids

This recommended practice covers automatic cabin temperature control systems of the following types for pressurized and unpressurized cabins: Type I - Proportioning. Type II - On-Off, or Cycling. Type III - Floating, including modifications thereof.

These recommendations are written to cover automatic cabin temperature controls under three classifications, namely:

These specifications are written to cover automatic temperature controls under three classifications, namely: A AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROLS - GENERAL - Dealing with features applicable to all types and uses. B AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE CONTROLS - MILITARY AND COMMERCIAL - Covering features applicable to military aircraft and commercial aircraft. C DESIRABLE DESIGN FEATURES - General information for use of those concerned in meeting the requirements contained herein.

This part of the manual presents methods for arriving at a solution to the problem of spacecraft inflight equipment environmental control. The temperature aspect of this problem may be defined as the maintenance of a proper balance and integration of the following thermal loads: equipment-generated, personnel-generated, and transmission through external boundary. Achievement of such a thermal energy balance involves the investigation of three specific areas: 1 Establishment of design requirements. 2 Evaluation of properties of materials. 3 Development of analytical approach. The solution to the problem of vehicle and/or equipment pressurization, which is the second half of major environmental control functions, is also treated in this section. Pressurization in this case may be defined as the task associated with the storage and control of a pressurizing fluid, leakage control, and repressurization.

The purpose of this report is to provide information on ozone and its control in high altitude aircraft environmental systems. Sources of this information are listed in the selected bibliography appearing at the end of this report, to which references are made throughout.

The purpose of this information report is to present factors which affect the design and development of jet blast windshield rain removal systems for commercial transport aircraft. A satisfactory analytical approach to the design of these systems has not yet been developed. Although detailed performance data are available for some test configurations, rain removal systems will generally be unique to specific aircraft. This, then, requires a preliminary design for the system based on available empirical data to be followed with an extensive laboratory development program.

The discipline of heat transfer concerns itself basically with the three modes of transferring thermal energy (convection, conduction, and radiation) and their inter-relations. In any phase of aerospace vehicle design, the importance of any of these basic modes will vary depending upon the natural and induced environment the mission imposes as well as the vehicle configuration.

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines tests to be performed on hydraulically, electrically, pneumatically, and mechanically actuated air valves. They may be further defined as those valves that function in response to externally applied forces or in response to variations in upstream and/or downstream duct air conditions in order to maintain a calibrated duct air condition (e.g., air flow, air pressure, air temperature, air pressure ratio, or air shutoff).

Recommendations of this ARP refer specifically to the application of closed cycle vapor cycle refrigeration systems as a source of cooling in an aircraft air conditioning system. General recommendations for an air conditioning system which may include a vapor cycle system as a cooling source are included in ARP85, Air Conditioning Equipment, General Requirements for Subsonic Airplanes, ARP292, Air Conditioning, Helicopters, General Requirements For, and AIR806, Air Conditioning Design Information for Cargo and High Density Passenger Transport Airplanes, and are not included herein. Vapor cycle refrigeration system design recommendations are presented in this ARP in the following general areas: a SYSTEM Design Recommendations: (See Section 3) b COMPONENT Design Recommendations: (See Section 4) c Desirable Design Features: (See Section 5)

The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to establish recommendations for the design, installation and testing of air vehicle vapor cycle refrigeration systems. These recommendations are representative of the refrigerant cycles.

The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to establish recommendations for the design, installation and testing of air vehicle vapor cycle refrigeration systems. These recommendations are representative of the refrigerant cycles.

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines tests to be performed on hydraulically, electrically, pneumatically, and mechanically actuated air valves. They may be further defined as those valves that function in response to externally applied forces or in response to variations in upstream and/or downstream duct air conditions in order to maintain a calibrated duct air condition (e.g., air flow, air pressure, air temperature, air pressure ratio, or air shutoff).

This document defines tests to be performed on electrically, pneumatically, and mechanically actuated (regulating, modulating, and shutoff) air valves. The valves may be further defined as those which function in response to externally applied forces or in response to variations in upstream and/or downstream duct air conditions to maintain a calibrated duct air condition (i.e., air flow, air pressure, air temperature, air pressure ratio, etc.). The requirements of this document should govern for all qualification tests unless different requirements are established by the detail specifications.

Recommendations of this ARP refer specifically to the application of closed cycle vapor cycle refrigeration systems as a source of cooling in an aircraft air conditioning system. General recommendations for an air conditioning system which may include a vapor cycle system as a cooling source are included in ARP 85, Air Conditioning Equipment, General Requirements for Subsonic Airplanes, ARP 292, Air Conditioning, Helicopters, General Requirements For, and AIR 806, Air Conditioning Design Information for Cargo and High Density Passenger Transport Airplanes, and are not included herein.