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A method to calculate the Natural frequency of the Timing belt drive is developed and validated. Timing belt drives are widely used in the automotive engines for valve actuation drives where accurate motion and force transmission is utmost necessary. Natural frequency is an important parameter to understand the vibration behavior of a system. Previous studies have found the Natural frequency and frequency response of the timing belt with experimental method and with FEA/ MBD software. In this study attempt has been made to develop a tool which will require basic material properties to calculate the natural frequency. Complete timing belt drive system is divided into set of standard components/elements. The belt tooth is divided in four layers and stiffness calculation is based on apparent modulus of elasticity derived from form factor. For belt pulley tooth analogy with cantilever beam is used.

This paper summarizes the research work incorporated in the exploration of the potential of swirling in CI Engine and designing of a new mechanism, particularly at inlet, to deliver it to improve the in-cylinder air characteristics to eventually improve mixing and combustion process to improve the engine performance. The research is concentrated on the measures to be done on engine geometry so as to not only deliver advantage to any specific fuel. According to the CI combustion theory, better engine performance may be achieved with Higher Viscous Fuel by improving the in-cylinder air-fuel mixing by increasing the swirl (rotation of air view from top of the cylinder) and tumble (rotation of air view from front of the cylinder) of in-cylinder air inside the fuel-injected region. The proposed inlet component is embedded with airfoil and is suitably designed after being iterated from four steps.

This paper presents results and discussions of two hundred hours endurance test carried on single cylinder four-stroke cycle LPG cargo pickup van engine. Engine was run in cycle as suggested by manufacturer. Engine was run for one hour at speed corresponding to maximum torque and then it was run for one hour at speed corresponding to maximum power. This cycle was repeated for two hundred hours. Effects of endurance test on components of engine were studied. Engine was tested before endurance test at full throttle position and same engine was tested after endurance test at full throttle position. Performance of engine before and after endurance test has been compared and discussed. Objective of this experimental work was to study effect of endurance test on different components of engine and analyze and compare performance of engine before and after endurance test. Graphs of important engine parameters have been plotted and curve fitting has been done.

As competent and low-pollution alternative fuel, CNG has revealed its excellence over engine performance and emissions. In recent years, CNG is considered as the diesel engine alternative fuel for heavy-duty engine applications due to its lower emissions and cost effective after-treatment systems. Due to the implementation of stricter emission norms over the years, the evolution of the fuel supply system has become more robust and electronically controlled. In the case of CNG engines, most of the engines were equipped with MPFI fuel system, for its precise fuel control abilities and controlling emission parameters. However, this MPFI system encompasses severe design changes in the intake manifold and is cost worthy to OEMs over the SPFI fuel system. MPFI system adds on the overall cost of the engine unit and its maintenance when compared to SPFI system.

Particulate matter is one of the major pollutant responsible for deteriorating air quality, particularly in urban centers. Information on contributing sources with the share from different sources is a first and one of the important steps in controlling pollution. Diverse sources, anthropogenic as well as natural, like industries, transport, domestic burning, construction, wind-blown dust, road dust contribute to particulate matter pollution. Receptor modeling is a scientific method which is utilized for assessment of the contribution of various sources based on chemical characteristics of particulate matter sources and ambient air particulate matter. Representative data of fractions of various chemical species in the particulate matter from the different sources i.e. source fingerprint is an essential input for the receptor modeling approach.

In this experimental study four stroke, four cylinder, MPFI, SI engines were tested as per IS 14599. A group of six bifuel engines with different specifications was tested in gasoline mode and LPG mode. Engines were converted by using modification system to operate in LPG mode. Objective of this experimental study was to compare performance and emissions of PFI passenger car engines in gasoline mode and LPG mode and to establish generic performance trend for LPG/Gasoline bifuel engines by defining and computing normalized figure of merit, power per unit displacement. From experimental results, generic performance trend for passenger car engines was established. A unit parameter KW/lit was calculated for each engine for comparison in relation to rated torque, maximum exhaust gas temperature and speeds corresponding to maximum torque and maximum power.

The ever-increasing energy demand is a prime concern of entire world. As gasoline prices soar and concern over harmful emissions mount, vehicles which run on alternate fuel sources like LPG and CNG are becoming increasingly important. In this experimental study single cylinder pickup van engine was tested as per IS 14599 by using LPG and CNG as fuel. Ordinary fuel for vehicle is gasoline. Full throttle performance was tested at different speeds on computerized engine test set up with data acquisition system and AVL eddy current dynamometer. Important performance characteristic curves have been investigated and compared in CNG mode and LPG mode. Curve fitting has been done and equations with regression coefficient have been derived. Statistical analysis for different engine parameters has been done in LPG and CNG mode by using matlab software. It was observed that maximum power and maximum torque in LPG mode was more than that in CNG mode.

In this paper the multi-link suspension for an All-Terrain Vehicle is designed, modelled and simulated. The model was produced by defining the position of the hard point or coordinate before specifying the component characters and joint variety, then after for modelling of the multi-link suspension, CATIA 3D modelling approach is used, sequentially the MBD approach is adopted for full suspension model simulation. The same test was conducted for the base model (double wishbone suspension) which was holding same characteristics. The kinematics and compliance of the simulation are matched with the base model simulation data to verify the suspension design and the result from the simulation exposed a validated virtual suspension system model with a pretty minimal rate of error. The result of the simulation shows that the introduced suspension system increases the cornering stiffness and deceases the bump steer along with this it gives the quick cornering and straight-line stability.

The objective of this project is to design of gas mixer venturi as per IS4477 and simulation of dual fuel (Diesel-CNG) engine for performances parameters to examine the BSFC using GT-suite. In present work; a 59 kW diesel engine of 18.5 compression ratio has been converted to operate on dual fuel (Diesel-CNG) keeping same compression ratio with improved fuel economy. Natural gas is an excellent fuel. Its combustion and emission characteristics are superior to any other realistic competing fuel. There are advanced technologies like closed loop lambda control system and lean combustion are incorporated in the engine to achieve the performance targets. In the initial stage; experimental testing is conducted for base diesel engine on engine dynamo for performance parameters. Experimental testing data and design data's of base diesel engine are used as input in GT-Suite to predict the performance of the base diesel engine.

The evolution of engine technology has so far seen the most beneficial side of progress in the fields of transportation, agriculture, and mobility. With the advent of innovation, there is also an impact on our environment that needs to be balanced. This is where fuels like CNG, LPG, LNG, etc. outperform conventional fossil fuels in terms of pollution & operational cost. This paper enlightens on the use of innovative dual-fuel technology where diesel & CNG fuels are used for combustion simultaneously inside the combustion chamber. Dual fuel system adaptation for farm application ensures self-reliance of the farmer where he can generate Bio-CNG to use the renewable fuel for farming making him less dependent on conventional fossil fuel thus promoting a green economy. The dual-fuel system is adapted to the existing in-use diesel engine with minimum modifications. This makes it feasible to retrofit a CNG fuel system on an existing diesel engine to operate it on dual fuel mode.

Towards the effort of reducing pollutant emissions, especially soot and nitrogen oxides, from direct injection Diesel engines, engineers have proposed various solutions, one of which is the use of a gaseous fuel as a partial supplement for liquid Diesel fuel. These engines are known as dual fuel combustion engines. A dual fuel (Diesel-CNG) engine is a base diesel engine fitted with a dual fuel conversion kit to enable use of clean burning alternative fuel like compressed natural gas. In this engine diesel and natural gas are burned simultaneously. Natural gas is fed into the cylinder along with intake air; the amount of diesel injection is reduced accordingly. Dual fuel engines have number of potential advantages like fuel flexibility, higher compression ratio, and better efficiency and less modifications on existing diesel engines. It is an ecological friendly technology due to lower PM and smoke emissions and retains the efficiency of diesel combustion.

CNG has proven to be a concrete alternative to gasoline and diesel fuel for sustained mobility. Due to stringent emission norms and sanctions being imposed on diesel fuel vehicles, OEMs have shifted their attention towards natural gas as an efficient and green fuel. Newly implemented BS VI emission norms in India have stressed on the reduction of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) from the exhaust by almost 85% as compared to BS IV emission norms. Also, Indian Automotive market is fuel economy cautious. This challenges to focus on improving fuel economy but without increase in NOx emissions. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) has the potential to reduce the NOx emissions by decreasing the in-cylinder temperature. The objective of the paper is to model a CNG TCIC engine using 1D simulation in order to optimize the NOx emissions and maintain exhaust temperatures under failsafe limits.

Due to increasing pollution and climatic cries, newly implemented BS-VI emission norms in India have stressed the reduction of emission. For which many automobiles have been shifted to alternate fuels like CNG. Also, the Indian Automotive market is fuel economy cautious. This challenges to focus on improving fuel economy but without an increase in emissions. Crankcase blow-by gases can be an important source of particulate emission as well as other regulated and unregulated emissions. They can also contribute to the loss of lubricating oil and fouling of surface and engine components. Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV) or Open Crankcase Ventilation (OCV) is capable to reduce particulate emissions by removing the oil mist that is caused mainly due to blow-by in the combustion chamber. This paperwork is focused, to measure the effectiveness of the CCV and OCV systems on the engine-out emissions, primarily on the particulate emissions.

Tire modal performance plays an important role in passenger car NVH refinement which includes road induced noise. Work done in the past, enumerates testing methods, excitation technique applied and boundary conditions. It also includes Mode shapes, analysis results and study of variables affecting the modal performance of passenger car Tire. Here, in this paper an attempt is made to compare the experimental modal analysis results, obtained using two different excitation techniques for exciting tire. In the experimental modal analysis under discussion, the passenger car tire of type 175/65R14, was inflated up to 2.2 bar (32psi) pressure in free-free condition. Impact Hammer and Electro-dynamic shaker were used to excite the tire structure in radial direction. Single Input Multiple Output technique was used for excitation and response signal acquisition.

For meeting upcoming BS IV & BS V emission norms in Heavy Commercial Vehicles, most of the manufacturers are taking SCR after treatment route. Though SCR system is more complex and involves higher cost impact, an optimized SCR system can bring down the payback period to about one year due to improved fuel economy. For development of an SCR after treatment system, selection of a correct SCR catalyst and its position in the system is very important. NOX conversion efficiency of catalyst depends on exhaust gas temperature at the catalyst and the velocity distribution over the face of the catalyst. Generally catalysts are evaluated for the conversion efficiency in engine test bed. In a drive to have a first-time-right solution, a CFD analysis was carried out considering the low and high flow rate conditions. CFD simulation models and the corresponding results were used as a predictive tool in the exhaust system development process.

Modal analysis is a specialized tool which has been used for many years to reliably estimate various parameters such as natural frequency, mode shape and damping. Since these parameters have direct relevance to the behavior of any component or structure and the resultant vibrations, the methods used for evaluation of these have been taken up as a part of this project. MATLAB is a platform that serves analysis purpose and offers many advantages over dedicated, menu driven systems. Open function assure flexibility and possibility to modify functions for specific needs and also providing traceability and quality assurance. The current paper targets to make a comparative evaluation of various modal parameter estimators using existing MATLAB tools for determining modal parameters for simple structures. FRF measurements on simple structures are carried out and the data is processed using MATLAB run parameter estimators.

This paper discusses experimental outcome of port fuel injected engines operated on gasoline mode and LPG mode. Eight Passenger car PFI engines were tested by using computerized engine data acquisition and control system on gasoline mode and LPG mode. Objectives of this experimental study were 1) To establish generic performance trend for group of newly introduced gasoline/LPG passenger car bi-fuel engines in Indian market. This trend has been established. 2) To compare performance of one sample engine in gasoline and LPG mode. This performance has been compared from performance characteristics curves in both modes. 3) To establish methodology to compare and contrast the performance of various types of Gasoline/LPG passenger car engines. This methodology has been established for a group of engines. 4) To define new normalized figure of merit suitable for the performance comparison of passenger car engines. A parameter power per unit displacement has been defined.

Passenger vehicles are used as one of the frequently used and versatile mode of transport. Commercial buses cater to short to long distance travel for city as well as highway applications. Thus, passenger ride comfort becomes paramount for the salability of the vehicle. Generally, it is observed that the rear seat experiences the worst ride comfort characteristics due to rear overhang and pitching characteristics of buses. Therefore the objective of this project is to improve the rear seat vibrations of passenger bus by tuning damper characteristics. Shock absorbers, being a low cost and easily interchangeable component is tuned first before optimizing other suspension parameters. The methodology is as follows: first, a 4 degree of freedom mathematical model is created on MATLAB Simulink R2015a environment. Time domain data is obtained by road load data analysis and used as an input for the mathematical model.

This paper discusses the test setup and methodology required to validate complete lift axle assembly for simulating the real time test track data. The correlation of rig vs track is discussed. The approach for reduction of validation time by eliminating few of the non-damaging tracks/events, its correlation with real life condition is discussed, and details are presented. With increased competition, vehicle development time has reduced drastically in recent past. Bench test procedure using accelerated test cycle discussed in this paper will help to reduce development time and cost. Process briefed in this paper can also be used for similar test specification for other structural parts or complete suspension system of heavy commercial vehicles.

Today, reducing the vehicle development time is a very crucial task. In the early development stages, the limited time and few vehicle prototypes are available for validation. In such scenarios, durability validation of different design iterations of critical components like engine mounts, with respect to the real road usage is a challenge. Road simulation testing in a laboratory is a reliable approach to fatigue and durability tests for the evaluation of platforms, components and subassemblies. Durability evaluation of engine mount is, generally, performed either at assembly level, using multi-axial road simulation approach or at component level, using uniaxial sinusoidal load testing. The new testing approach here allows testing of engine mounts at component level using road simulation approach by applying multi-axial loads or deflections as per the real road usage conditions.