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This collection is a resource for studying the history of the evolving technologies that have contributed to snowmobiles becoming cleaner and quieter machines. Papers address design for a snowmobile using the EPA test procedure and standard for off-road vehicles. Innovative technology solutions include: • Engine Design: improving the two-stroke, gas direct injection (GDI) engine • Applications of new muffler designs and a catalytic converter • Solving flex-fuel design and engine power problems The SAE International Clean Snowmobile Challenge (CSC) program is an engineering design competition. The program provides undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to enhance their engineering design and project management skills by reengineering a snowmobile to reduce emissions and noise. The competition includes internal combustion engine categories that address both gasoline and diesel, as well as the zero emissions category in which range and draw bar performance are measured.

This collection is a resource for studying the history of the evolving technologies that have contributed to snowmobiles becoming cleaner and quieter machines. Papers address design for a snowmobile using the EPA test procedure and standard for off-road vehicles, along with more stringent U.S. National Park Best Available Technology (BAT) standards that are likened to those of the California Air Resourced Board (CARB). Innovative technology solutions include: • Standard application for diesel engine designs • Applications to address and test both engine and track noise • Benefits of the Miller cycle and turbocharging The SAE International Clean Snowmobile Challenge (CSC) program is an engineering design competition. The program provides undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to enhance their engineering design and project management skills by reengineering a snowmobile to reduce emissions and noise.

The effects of fuel sulfur level on tailpipe emissions from advanced technology vehicles were explored in Phase 1 of a study conducted under the Petroleum Environmental Research Forum. In this study, fuels having three different levels of sulfur were tested according to the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) in low-mileage production vehicles designed primarily to meet California's Transitional Low Emission Vehicle (TLEV) standards. The three fuels consisted of a base gasoline containing 25 ppm by mass of sulfur, with the other two fuels created by doping the base fuel to 300 ppm and 600 ppm sulfur, respectively. Nine TLEVs and one Federal Tier 1 vehicle were tested at least twice on each fuel in an order that was balanced in time and randomized among the vehicles.