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The article describes issues related to the impact of transport means on the environment. These issues are currently very popular due to the increasing public awareness of the negative environmental and health effects associated with air pollution. The authors estimated specific emissions in passenger-kilometers, considering a domestic travel by air and road transport. The analyzed route is located between the Polish cities: Gdansk and Cracow. The selected route is long by domestic travel standards, but in that travel distance, the road transport is still competitive to the air transport. Selected means of transport belong to popular representatives in their classes. As a road vehicle, the authors selected a modern passenger car powered by a spark ignition engine, meeting the Euro 6 emission standard. Among the passenger aircrafts, an object which belongs small jet aircrafts, propelled with Rolls-Royce Tay 611C jet engines was selected.