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Welding deformation of aluminum alloy is an urgent problem to be solved, it affects the performance and service life of welding products. In this research, in order to compute welding deformation and residual stress, a finite element model of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy was established. The efficiency and the accuracy of the welding residual stress calculation and the welding deformation were significantly improved. By comparing the temperature field and the displacement field of simulation and experiment, the finite element model was validated. Through finite element analysis, Heat input and welding times have important effects on welding deformation and residual stress was found. The welding deformation law and the residual stress distribution law were proposed, after cooling of the welding seams, the plates collapsed to the other side of the heat source along the vertical direction, the welding deformation tendency was heightened by double-sided welding.