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As a novel ignition technology, pre-chamber ignition can enhance ignition energy, promote flame propagation, and augment turbulence. However, this technology undoubtedly faces challenges, particularly in the context of emission regulations. Of this study, the transient characteristics of combustion and emissions in a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) gasoline engine with active pre-chamber ignition (PCI) under the first combustion cycle of quick start are focused. The results demonstrate that the PCI engine is available on the first cycle for lean combustion, such as lambda 1.6 to 2.0, and exhibit particle number (PN) below 7×107 N/mL at the first cycle. These particles are predominantly composed of nucleation mode (NM, <50 nm) particles, with minimal accumulation mode (AM, >50 nm) particles.

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion has the characteristics of high efficiency and low emissions. However, the lack of a decisive control method of combustion timing hinders its application. In this paper, the effects of fuel injection strategies on HCCI combustion and ion current (IC) characteristics were studied experimentally and numerically. The results show that by advancing the fuel injection timing or increasing the fuel injection ratio during negative valve overlap (NVO), the combustion phase and the start of ion current in the main combustion are both advanced, and the strength of the IC signal during NVO is enhanced as well, indicating that more active species will lead to earlier combustion. Additionally, HCCI combustion is determined not only by the reforming of fuel composition in NVO but also by the distribution of mixture and the gradient of concentration in the cylinder.