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Vehicle Dynamics testing has its importance in the fields of benchmarking and the validation of mathematical models built in order to predict the ride performance of the vehicle. The importance of enhancing the ride comfort is increasing day by day in present day scenario because of the long hours of driving experience. In presented work, the ride testing is done for two hatchback vehicles on highway conditions in order to compare the ride quality and ride comfort. The parameters like Vibration Dose Value, SEAT factor and Ride Diagram values are used to evaluate the ride comfort. After successful evaluation of the vibration levels affecting the ride comfort of the driver as well as the passenger the next major task is to identify and study the cause of the discomfort. The cause of the discomfort is studied and analyzed in terms of the complex motion of the vehicle. Vehicle motions like choppiness produces higher levels of discomfort as compared to the vertical movement of the vehicle.

The present work compares the tribological properties of ZnO (Zinc Oxide) nanoparticle based lubricant with ZDDP (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate) based lubricant. The nanolubricant was prepared by mixing the nanoparticles in base oil followed by ultrasonification and ZDDP based lubricant was prepared by mixing ZDDP and stirring with base oil. Base oil used was mineral base oil. Both the lubricants were tested at three different temperatures, loads and roughness values. The test was carried out on AISI 52100 steel samples prepared by wire cutting and were grinded to three different levels of surface roughness. Friction and wear tests were performed using a reciprocating sliding tribo-tester at three different loads and temperatures. Taguchi orthogonal array was used to reduce the number of experiments. SEM, EDS and AFM analysis were carried out to study the surface wear phenomenon.

In the fabrication of parts in auto and aero segments, the use of ceramic (SiCp, Al2O3p) reinforces aluminum alloy found to be increased than that of steel and cast iron. This matrix-reinforced alloy has a high strength to weight ratio along with higher modulus and hardness, the lower thermal coefficient of expansion, and improved tribological properties. To this extent, this paper investigates the turning characteristics and optimization study of newly developed metal matrix composites by the addition of both hard ceramic SiCp and soft stable lubricant molybdenum disulfide (MoS2p). The samples such as Sample 1: AlSi10Mg/3SiCp, Sample 2: AlSi10Mg/2MoS2p and Sample 3: AlSi10Mg/3SiCp /2MoS2p are prepared using the automated stir-casting machine. The particles are observed to be uniformly distributed in the composite. After density and hardness measurement, the samples are subjected to machining, and the responses are optimized by using response surface method.

Lithium (Li)-based batteries have wide applications in the everyday gadgets. Li-based batteries have prominent usage in the automotive sector. All the major OEMs for manufacturing hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs) use only Li batteries and are still going to continue for the next decades. However, during the operation of these batteries, they are susceptible to environmental and battery factors. The amount of charge currently taken in or out influences the internal resistance and temperature of the battery. Therefore, the amount of heat generated by the Li-ion batteries during operation is critical for designing a cost-effective and efficient thermal management system (TMS) for HEVs and EVs.

Design and simulation analysis of braking system for ATV is carried out with the assistance of Ansys and MATLAB. Heat generated increases the temperature of the disc brake at the rubbing surface resulting in thermal stresses in the components of the braking system. Static, structural, thermal, computational flow dynamics, vibrational & fatigue behavior of ventilated brake disc rotor, hub and upright are analyzed. Stainless Steel, SS-410 material configuration has been considered for disc brake rotor and results obtained are analyzed in terms of performance, longevity and efficiency. Braking efficiency and stopping distance curve are analyzed from their characteristics plot. Vibrational behavior, structural behavior, thermal behavior, performance efficiency, flow behavior of ventilated disc brake rotor can be easily depicted with respect to bump and droop during acceleration, high climb and maneuverability. Ventilated disc brake Rotor with outer diameter of 220 mm is used.

This paper demonstrates the sloshing phenomena of a cylindrical tank with and without baffles. The main objective of this study is to design baffles of different configurations to reduce sloshing in a cylindrical tank partially filled with gasoil-liquid subjected to only longitudinal acceleration and deceleration. Two different baffle designs have been introduced in the present study. A 3-D transient analysis of a cylindrical tank was carried out using ANSYS-FLUENT with and without baffles. Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used to study the free surface profile of the fluid in the considered tank. Pressure distribution, velocity distribution and force distribution have been studied in the present study. It has been observed that the new design of baffle was able to reduce sloshing effectively.

This paper summarizes the research work incorporated in the exploration of the potential of swirling in CI Engine and designing of a new mechanism, particularly at inlet, to deliver it to improve the in-cylinder air characteristics to eventually improve mixing and combustion process to improve the engine performance. The research is concentrated on the measures to be done on engine geometry so as to not only deliver advantage to any specific fuel. According to the CI combustion theory, better engine performance may be achieved with Higher Viscous Fuel by improving the in-cylinder air-fuel mixing by increasing the swirl (rotation of air view from top of the cylinder) and tumble (rotation of air view from front of the cylinder) of in-cylinder air inside the fuel-injected region. The proposed inlet component is embedded with airfoil and is suitably designed after being iterated from four steps.

Considerable weight of an automobile is constituted by the engine and there is scope for improvement in fuel efficiency and emission control through optimization of weight in the engine. In this work, AlSi10Mg alloy produced by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is suggested for engine application which is a lightweight aluminum alloy. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness of both cast and DMLS manufactured alloy are compared followed by analysis of SEM images of tensile test fractured surfaces. Reciprocating wear test is carried out for one lakh cycles at 125°C temperature with SAE 40 grade oil as lubricant. Co-efficient of friction (COF), wear rate of the cast and DMLS manufactured samples are compared. Wear patterns are analyzed using SEM images of the wear tracks.

The present numerical study investigates the design and analysis of a concept model Le Mans Grand Touring Prototype (LMGTP) car. Through analysis, aerodynamic pitch sensitivity and related factors are found to be detrimental to the straight-line stability of these high-speed race cars. Simulations are carried out on a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool for varying pitch angles of the car from −1° to +2.5°. For each pitch angle, steady-state pressure contours, velocity contours, and streamlines are presented. Additionally, coefficients and force values of lift and drag are calculated with the k-omega turbulence model implemented. Obtained numerical results are validated via Ahmed Body studies reported in the literature, and an average error deviation of 1.013% is exhibited. It is observed that lift force at the front axle increases with increasing pitch angles, leading to reduced pitch stability.

The cross flow design of a radiator and its heat transfer and temperature drop was simulated then validated by using a data acquisition system during both static and dynamic running conditions of a Formula SAE car. The data acquisition system simulated and validated the radiator's cross flow design and heat transfer, as well as the temperature drop, under static and dynamic conditions in a car. The optimal radiator design determines the engine's operating temperature and the desired temperature drop gain through proper design of the inner core, number of fins and tubes, and radiator material. The purpose of a properly designed radiator is to prevent the combustion engine from heating up above its operating temperature [1]. The radiator's design is based on the operating temperature of the CBR 600RR engine. The highest temperature recorded was around 105°C, and in the worst case scenario, it can reach 110°C.

A shock absorber endurance test for an automobile that was supposed to resist at least 200,000 load cycles but failed to meet the statutory fatigue limit was under examination. This is due to the breakdown of the assembly that holds the shock absorber shims. This failure occurred due to Fretting fatigue. A design improvement is being introduced to avoid fretting fatigue on the shock absorber shim assembly. FEA is used to investigate the shim assembly in order to locate the stress zone. After adding more shims to the piston, fatigue life was significantly improved. The damping forces were unaffected by the fundamental solution that was applied to make this improvement.

The drastic technological advancements in the field of autonomous vehicles and connected cars lead to substantial progression in the commercial values of automobile industries. However, these advancements force the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to shift from feedback-based reactive business analysis to operational-data based predictive analysis thereby enhancing both the customer satisfaction as well as business opportunities. The operational data is nothing but the parameters obtained from several parts of an automobile during its operation such as, temperature in radiator, viscosity of the engine oil and force applied over the brake disk. These operational data are gathered using several sensors implanted in different parts of an automobile and are continuously transmitted to backend computers to develop Digital Twin, which is a virtual model of the physical automobile.

The final drivetrain ratio is an essential part of a vehicle. It is responsible for providing the desired torque to overcome obstacles while maintaining the speed and acceleration of a vehicle. A vehicle must have an optimum gear ratio to obtain the desired velocity and acceleration. To achieve this, four different approaches were used considering the input parameters of a BAJA All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV). The traction received from the ground is calculated and plotted against velocity on different terrains. Further, a drivetrain was modeled in Simulink to obtain different parameters like vehicle speed, acceleration, and wheel slip. A range of gear ratios was obtained by following a similar trend of vehicle parameters that were best suited for improving vehicle performance. Graphs were plotted to compare the effect of various vehicle parameters, and an optimum gear ratio was obtained.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate additive manufactured Inconel super alloy subjected to cryogenic treatment (CT). Cryogenic treatment is mainly used in aerospace, defense and automobile application. Direct metal laser sintering is an additive manufacturing technique used for manufacturing of complex and complicated functional components. Inconel is an austenitic chromium nickel based super alloy often used in the applications which require high strength & temperature resistant. In this work, a study is carried out on microstructure and mechanical properties of additive manufactured Inconel 718 when subjected to cryogenic treatment at three different time intervals. The micro-structural evolution of IN718 super-alloy before and after CT was investigated by both optic microscope and scanning electron microscope. Surface roughness and hardness at different CT time intervals has also analyzed. Additionally, XRD technique was used to analyze the surface residual stress.

A Powertrain is one of the major sources of excitation of a vehicle vibration and noise in off highway vehicles. It typically has a significant contribution in whole vehicle NVH characteristics. The structure borne energy of the powertrain is transmitted to the chassis and rest of the vehicle through powertrain mounts. Hence, it is of prime importance to design an effective powertrain mounting system in such a way that it will reduce vehicle vibrations to improve vehicle NVH as well as ride comfort, resulting in an effective vibration isolation system and ensuring long service life. In this paper, a newly developed an analytical tool for effective design of isolation system is discussed. For this model, powertrain is considered as a six degree-of-freedom system. Analytical calculations are implemented to find optimum mount design parameters i.e. stiffness, orientation and position of isolators to meet desired NVH targets.

In lieu of the drastic growth of the vehicle population, there is a huge consumption of fossil fuels and mineral oils for mobility. This leads to depletion in fossil fuels and mineral oils which are the by-products of petroleum. These fossil fuels can’t sustain for a long period of time because of its toxicity. In order to reduce the usage of existing mineral oil for lubrication, a source of non-edible oil from Jatropha curcus is processed as jatropha methyl ester (JME). It is holding high viscosity, density and easy blend with base oil. In this current work, the wear resistance of the lubricating oil is enhanced by the addition of nano-copper oxide particle blend with the base oil. The emission performance and tribological behavior have been experimentally tested in 98.2CC two-stroke air cooled engine. The 20% of JME blend with CuO nano particle provides better emission performance and wear characteristics than the other combination of blends.

In the present paper, to predict the process relation between laser-assisted machining parameters and machinability characteristics, statistical models are formulated by employing surface response methodology along with artificial neural network. Machining parameters such as speed of cut; the rate of feed; along with the power of laser are taken as model input variables. For developing confidence limit in collected raw experimental data, the full factorial experimental design was applied to cutting force; surface roughness; along with flank wear. Response surface method (RSM) with the least square method is used to develop the theoretical equation. Furthermore, artificial neural network method has been done to model the laser-assisted machining process. Then, both the models (RSM and ANN) are compared for accuracy regarding root mean square error (RMSE); model predicted error (MPE) along with the coefficient of determination (R2).

In recent years, aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMC) are found as a potential material for numerous applications owing to its excellent tribological and mechanical properties. In this work, the machining characteristics of aluminum alloy (Al7075) reinforced with TiC/MoS2 having nanoparticle has been studied. The samples of aluminum metal matrix composites by varying TiC in 0, 2 and 4 and MoS2 in 0 and 2 of the percentage weight of aluminum alloy (Composite 1(Al7075), Composite 2 (Al7075/2TiC/2MoS2) and composite 3 (Al7075/4TiC/2MoS2), respectively) are fabricated by the stir-casing method. The turning characteristics of the developed metal matrix composites are studied at various parameters such as cutting velocity (30 m/min, 60 m/min and 90 m/min), cutting depth (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm) and composites (1, 2 and 3) using TiN coated cutting tool by dry turning at 0.05 mm/rev feed rate.

The experimental investigation aims to improve natural composite materials aligned with feasible development principles. These composites can be exploited across several industries, including the automobile and biomedical sectors. This research employs date seed powder and neem gum powder as reinforcing agents, along with polyester resin as the base material. The fabrication route comprises compression moulding, causing the production of the natural composite material. This study focuses extensively on mechanical characteristics such as tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness, and impact resistance to undergo comprehensive testing. Furthermore, the chemical properties of the composites are examined using the FTIR test to gain understanding by integrating different proportions of date seed powder (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and neem gum powder (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) in the matrix phase.

Nickel based materials of Nimonic C-263 and Waspaloy are used nowadays for aerospace applications owing to its superior strength properties that are maintained at a higher temperature. Tool wear and cutting temperature in the vicinity of cutting edge are two essential machinability characteristics for any cutting tool. In this regard, this study is pursued to examine the influence of factors on measuring of tool wear (Vba) and cutting temperature (Ts) during dry machining of two alloys studied experimentally based on Taguchi method and response surface methodology. Taguchi’s L16 orthogonal array is used to design the experiment and a PVD (TiAlN), CVD (TiN/Al2O3/TiCN) coated carbide inserts are used on turning of two alloys. The factor effect on output responses are studied using analysis of variance, empirical models, and responses surface 3D plots. To minimize the response and to convert into one single optimum level, responses surface desirability function approach is applied.