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A critical market driver for rear axle lubricants continues to be the improved fuel efficiency, which is related to improvements in power transfer efficiency. Power transfer efficiency improvements are achieved with a reduction in the kinematic viscosity (KV) of rear axle lubricants. General Motors (GM) recently reduced the recommended viscosity grade for their rear axle lubricants from the Society of Automotive Engineers standard (SAE) 75W-90 to SAE 75W-85. This reduction in viscosity continues to require the optimization of rear axle lubricants to ensure durability. Lubricants that form thick elastohydrodynamic (EHD) films and are shear stable even when lower kinematic viscosities are required. This work depicts how a rear axle lubricant was developed and improved with the proper selection of base oil and polymer. This newly developed SAE 75W-85 rear axle fluid was incorporated as factory fill in 2019 in T1 LDPU-GMC Sierra and Chevrolet Silverado 1500 series pickup trucks.

After new transmission lubricants are developed there is an extensive validation program where friction durability testing is performed on multiple clutch materials. Each durability test can run for long terms and the entire validation program can take much longer terms. A well designed lubricant and friction material will deliver the necessary friction control for construction equipment to operate at optimum level. A mechanistic construct has been evaluated to calculate friction durability in clutch systems based on fluid and surface tribological properties. Fluid properties include both boundary frictional and rheological effects. Surface properties include elastic modulus, surface roughness, asperity density and asperity tip radius. Using this mechanistic construct friction durability has been predicted.