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The rapid depletion of petroleum reserves and stringent emission legislation due to global warming has compelled us to pursue alternative fuels. Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstock such as edible and non-edible vegetable oils, wasted frying oils and animal fats. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, sulphur free, non-toxic, biogradable and renewable fuel. In the present study, a military 585 kW compression ignition diesel injection (CIDI) engine was fuelled with diesel, Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) and Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) biodiesel respectively. These were subjected to 100 hours long term endurance tests. Lubricating oil samples drawn from engine after a fixed interval (20 hours) were subjected to elemental analysis. Metal debris concentration analysis was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Lubricating oil samples were also subjected to ferrography test.

Rapid depletion of petroleum crude oil resources, stringent regulations on gaseous emission, and global warming due to exhaust pollution have compelled us to use the alternative of diesel fuel. Biodiesel is a green alternative fuel that can be produced from edible as well as non-edible vegetable oils, waste cooking frying oils, and animal fats. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, bio-gradable, renewable, non-sulfur, and non-toxic fuel. JP-8 is an aviation turbine fuel and is readily available. Gasoline fuel is also available in surplus. Under the multi-fuel strategy program, optimization of fuel availability is required for both, military combat as well as highway commercial heavy-duty vehicles. It was essential to assess the performance, NOx reduction, nanoparticle emission, and engine wear by using Gasoline, JP-8, and esterified Karanja oil biodiesel fuels on a military heavy-duty diesel engine. EGR is a useful technique to reduce NOx emissions.

Investigating the impact of Karanja oil biodiesel and JP-8 fuel on diesel engine performance, emission and wear are very important for military track and wheeled vehicles due to their great potential as alternative fuels. In the present study, a military 585 kW CIDI engine was fuelled and tested with diesel, Karanja oil biodiesel and JP-8 respectively. The performances of fuels were evaluated in terms of brake horse power, specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, brake mean effective pressure, thermal efficiency and heat release rates. The emission of carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), and oxides of nitrogen NOx with the three fuels were also compared. Both Karanja oil, after transesterification and JP-8 exhibit the properties (density, viscosity and calorific value) within acceptable limits of ASTM standard. Performance of both JP-8 and pure Karanja oil biodiesel were slightly lower than diesel.

Global warming due to exhaust pollution and rapid depletion of petroleum reserves, has given us opportunity to find bio fuels. Bio diesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstock such as edible and non-edible vegetable oils, wasted frying oils and animal fats. Bio diesel is an oxygenated, sulphur free, non-toxic, biogradable and renewable fuel. Use of karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) biodiesel in a compression ignition engine was found highly compatible with engine performance along with low emission characteristics. A Military 780 hp, CIDI engine was operated using biodiesel (KOME) and diesel fuel respectively. These were subjected to 100 hours long term endurance tests. Lubricating oil samples drawn from engine after a fixed interval (20 hours), were subjected to elemental analysis. Metal debris concentration analysis was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Wear of metals were found to be about 30% lower for biodiesel operated engine.

Rapidly depleting oil reserves and strict pollution regulations have made it necessary to find a substitute for diesel fuel. In the context of the multi-fuel strategy program, gasoline has improved the fuel availability for both combat and commercial highway vehicles with diesel engines. This study examines the effect of gasoline fuel on the engine wear, performance, and emission of a military, heavy-duty, supercharged diesel engine. In a CIDI diesel engine, the use of Gasoline has been considered to be significantly sustainable with engine performance and reduced pollutants. For this research a military heavy-duty, 38.8 L, 585kW, diesel engine, the EGR technique was used for gasoline and diesel fuels. Furthermore, the impact of nanoparticles on NOx emissions was also explored. NOx emission reduces in diesel engines by using the EGR technique. Two test fuels were tested in their trials for a total of 100 hours of engine endurance assessment.

Biodiesel fuels are an alternative to diesel fuel. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, sulphur free, non-toxic, biogradable and renewable fuel. It is derived from vegetable oils. Since straight vegetable oils have quite high viscosity compared to mineral diesel, they have to be modified to bring their combustion-related properties and viscosity closer to mineral diesel. This is done by modifying their molecular structure through a transesterification process. In the present study, a military heavy duty 38.8 liter, 585 kW supercharged, compression ignition diesel injection (CIDI) engine was fuelled with diesel, Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) biodiesel, and KOME biodiesel with cerium oxide fuel additive, respectively. These were subjected to 100 hours long term endurance tests. Lubricating oil samples, drawn from the engine fuelled with these fuels after a fixed interval of 20 hours, were subjected to elemental analysis.

Karanja biodiesel is prepared using Karanja oil and methanol by the process of transesterification. Use of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) in a 780 hp CIDI military engine was found to be a highly compatible alternative fuel with low emission characteristics. Engine was operated for 100 hours each using pure karanja biodiesel and mineral diesel fuel, respectively. These were subjected to long-term endurance tests. Lubricating oil samples, drawn from both fuelled engine after a fixed interval of 20 hours, were subjected to elemental analysis. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was done for quantification of various metal debris concentrations. Wear metals were found lower for a biodiesel operated engine system. Lubricating oil samples were also subjected to ferrography indicating lower wear debris concentrations for a biodiesel-operated engine. Scanning electron microscopy was also conducted on the cylinder liner surfaces exposed to wear.