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KIA has completed the development of the future DOHC 16 valve spark ignition engine designated the T-series. An all new design was devised for the T-series engine which is being produced on an entirely new plant. This engine has many positive features such as low emission level, good combustion stability, low noise and vibration. The basic construction of the T-series engine is characterized by 4 cylinder belt-driven DOHC engine, state-of-the-art combustion chambers with tumbling intake ports and a valve angle of 45, deep skirt cylinder block, laminated metal cylinder head gasket, aluminum structural oil pan, and a six ribbed serpentine belt driven accessory system. Thorough durability testing was carried out on all production parts for the first engine of the T-series; called the T8D engine, of 1.8 litre displacement. Mass production of the T8D engine, installed in the new KIA CREDOS, began in July 1995.

The V-8 outboard developed by Outboard Marine Corporation is the first of a new generation of outboards intended to provide the industry with new standards of performance and durability. This paper summarizes the various design and development areas including powerhead configuration, exhaust tuning, intake and carburetion system, mounting bracketry, noise reduction, cooling system, styling, lubrication requirements, packaging, and testing.

The two year design-development program for the sonic carburetor is reviewed. Use of the sonic nozzle as an air flow meter, and the design criteria to achieve low unchoke points is discussed. The relation between sonic flow and improved fuel atomization and A/F ratio distribution to the engine is also discussed. Unchoke data and A/F distribution data are presented, and the tradeoffs between low unchoke points and good A/F distribution are explained. Conclusions are drawn relative to the overall benefits of the sonic carburetor.

Electromechanical Braking System (EMB) stops the wheel by motor and related enforce mechanism to drive braking pads to clamp the friction plate. It is compact in sized as well as faster in response, which solves the issue of potential leakage and slows response of traditional hydraulic brake system. The institutions at home and abroad have put forward all kinds of new structural schemes of EMB. At present, there are various EMB structural schemes, but the analysis and evaluation of these schemes are relatively few. In this paper, on the basis of a large number of research, the EMB actuator is modular decomposed according to function ,then the parametric 3D model library of each function module is established. According to brake requirements of the target vehicle, a development platform is set up to match EMB actuator structure scheme quickly.

The present work was directed towards the design of a sideline microphone array specifically adapted to the visualization of automotive noise sources in the 500 Hz to 2000 Hz range. The particular design philosophy followed here involved the minimization of the array redundancy: i.e., the minimization of the number of pairs of microphones that are separated by the same distance in the same directions. The performance of sixty-four element microphone arrays designed according to this principle will be illustrated through the use of simulated motor vehicle passbys. In addition, their performance will be compared with more conventional array designs: e.g., elliptical, and spiral arrays.

The current Part 572 50th percentile male dummy's chest and legs only indirectly and incompletely measure the forces acting upon them - by spinal acceleration for the chest and by mid-femur axial force for the legs. A new chest and set of legs have been designed and are in experimental use in a Part 572 dummy which far more completely measure the forces acting upon them during crash testing. CHEST LOAD-DISTRIBUTION TRANSDUCER - Through three independent beams, with a small triaxial load cell located at the end of each beam, the vector direction and magnitude of the load can be measured at six key locations on the rib cage during the dynamic testing of restraint systems. The effect of small changes in the restraint system on the forces experienced by the thoracic area of the dummy can now be quantified. Some of the experimental results are discussed.

A team of student engineers at the University of Texas at Austin has designed and built “Texas Native Sun”, a solar powered vehicle for competition in GM Sunrayce U.S.A. The single-seat vehicle uses conventional photovoltaic solar cells to produce electricity for vehicle propulsion. The vehicle features graphite/epoxy composite monocoque construction, a high power-density permanent magnet electric motor, a mechanical/hydraulic continuously variable transmission, nickel-hydrogen satellite batteries, and a composite leaf spring suspension. The race strategies and tactics of energy management are optimized through use of a computer code which simulates the vehicle under race conditions. Much of the technology employed in the vehicle may one day become an ordinary part of future transportation systems which seek greater energy efficiency and less damage to the environment.

The Snowmobile Team at Kettering University designed its entry into the 2001 Clean Snowmobile Competition to be cleaner and quieter than current snowmobiles, while maintaining the same performance levels expected by consumers. A four-stroke Daihatsu 659cc turbocharged engine was installed into a Yamaha V-max 600 snowmobile. Several modifications to both the engine and to the sled were done to maximize the performance of the two systems when they are merged together. The overall performance of the sled is comparable to the stock snowmobile. Acceleration is slightly less than the OEM snowmobile, and mass was added to the front of the sled which decreased the handling ability. This is offset, however, by the drastic reduction of harmful exhaust emissions and also by the reduction in the sound level of the sled. This snowmobile was designed with maintenance and durability in mind.

The evolution of an experimental prototype vibrating digger blade for harvesting root crops is described. The prototype had two independent oscillatory inputs, one to vibrate the whole blade horizontally and another to vibrate the rear edge vertically. It was to be used in later field experiments to determine the effect of changing directions of vibration on the dependent variables of draft, torque, and soil break-up. Torque measurements were made in the laboratory for eccentricities of 0.0, 9.53, and 12.70 mm and frequencies of 6.96, 9.28, 10.44, 13.92, 15.66, and 20.89 Hz, the range of these variables which would subsequently be used in field tests. The outputs of two computer simulation programs, one written by Rodriguez and a commercial software mechanisms analysis program, compared favorably with the measured laboratory results. 1

The turbocharger, consisting of a radial or axial flow turbine and an radial flow compressor presents perhaps one of the most challenging tasks to the turbomachinery designer. Due to the necessity of speed changes in the diesel engine, the turbocharger transits a wide variety of operating points in its normal operation. During an engine speed acceleration or deceleration there will be a lag in the required air delivery to the engine, resulting in increased smoke emission and limiting the power delivered by the engine. In order to investigate the dynamic performance of a turbocharged engine, an essential first step must be the development of an adequate model for transient characteristics of the turbocharger. One of the significant problems that must be overcome for the modeling effort to be successful is a detailed experimental description of the transient performance of the device.

The need for a utility transporter capable of amphibious operation in the varied terrain of the Arctic environment was evidenced during oil exploration activities in Alaska during the summer of 1969. Transportation Technology, Inc., undertook to design an air cushion vehicle specifically to meet this need, and through an accelerated program, the prototype craft completed initial trials in Texas during April-July 1970, and working trials on the Mackenzie River during September 1970. From the skirts up, the design extensively incorporates features to withstand the rigors of rough terrain, minimal maintenance facilities, and hard usage. The main frame is welded of 12 in. aluminum channels, skinned with ribbed aluminum bolton decking, and fitted with side extensions for ease of knockdown, air transportability, and reassembly at remote locations.

In order to achieve high efficiency and clean combustion indiesel engines, many advanced combustion concepts have been developed to simultaneously reduce NOx and soot emissions with high efficiency. However, the benefits of these combustion modes are limited to low loads because the energy release ratesaretoo fast at high loads. Recently, Dual-fuel highly premixed charge combustion (HPCC) strategies with the port injection of gasoline and direct injection of diesel have demonstrated advantages in terms of extending the operating range by the flexible control of fuel chemical reactivity and charge stratification. However, the extension to high-load in a turbocharged multi-cylinder diesel engine with the HPCC is a critical challenge due to excessive pressure rise rates. Mean while it suffers from the excessive of CO/HC emissions at low loads.

The shrouded propeller is a natural propulsive device for VTOL. This has been proved by a demonstration of good VTOL capability in actual flight by a shrouded propeller VTOL airplane. Thorough theoretical studies and tests of the shrouded propeller have been made. By means of potential flow calculation on automatic computers, pressuredistributions over shroud shapes have been determined at static, transition, and cruise flight. Momentum theory has been used to determine shrouded propeller performance, and wind tunnel tests have verified theoretical calculations. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory indicates that the methods described here provide good design and performance.

This paper describes some of the fundamental principles and parameters that are important in the design and operation of solid waste size reduction equipment for applications in the space environment. While some of the important parameters are the same as those for terrestrial applications (e.g., energy requirements), several parameters normally inconsequential in terrestrial applications take on a much more prominent role in space (e.g., mass). The results of a two-year, NASA-sponsored research program are described and are used to define an operating envelope for size reduction as a function of waste characteristics and certain performance requirements (e.g., product particle size distribution). Additionally, important findings are described as they relate to the design and operation of size reduction systems that support biological, physical, and chemical processes.

Single stage turbochargers capable of producing boost pressure ratios of 4:1 or higher offer many advantages such as low unit cost, simple and compact installation and relatively a high figure of reliability. However, published data on single stage high pressure ratio turbochargers are scarce. In this paper the design and performance of three inward flow radial turbine rotors are described. The rotors were designed for 4:1 stage pressure ratio.

This paper examines some processing and design factors which affect the impact performance of cast A356 aluminum wheels, as measured by SAE J175 (13° lateral impact test). Wheel impact performance is discussed with respect to two different failure criteria: (a) failure due to cracking in the hub or spokes, and (b) failure due to total loss of tire air pressure. The general influence of heat treatment on impact behavior is described, and then examined in light of a particular wheel example. Peak-aging heat treatments are compared with underaging treatments, in terms of the critical link between processing, material properties of strength and ductility, and their influence on wheel impact behavior. The effects of the rim flange geometry and other design features are then explored, and illustrated with examples.

The general principles of design, casting, and the ensuing machining of light alloy parts in the Volkswagen factory are described. The paper discusses conditions peculiar to a rear-mounted engine as well as the design of parts for die casting and mold casting. A description is given of the efforts towards automation of die casting procedures. The measures to protect the smelt from oxidization, as well as methods of cooling and ventilation of the die, are also detailed. Emphasis is placed on the different conditions involved in the machining of aluminum and magnesium castings, and a comparison is made of tool service life.

The use of simulation is a recognised part of the design process for automated systems and this has been particularly so in the development of the very large machines used in aero-structure manufacture. As part of an ongoing research project at the University of Nottingham a flexible rapid assembly cell is currently being developed that will be capable of manufacturing a number of different aero-structure sub-assemblies. The individual technologies required such as riveting, drilling and assembly have been developed and the complete cell is now being realised. A key enabler for the realisation of the cell has been the use of simulation, both in the development stage and as a central component of the operating and programming systems. This paper will describe the application of simulation techniques within the cell and during its design.

The turbine blade is a key component in the operation of the steam turbine hence the design and manufacturing level of the blade will directly affect the performance and efficiency of the turbine. CAD/CAM has been the foundation and important part of advanced manufacturing technology. It is important to study the steam turbine blade integrated CAD/CAM system to improve the design and manufacture of the blade. In this paper, the structure of CAD/CAM system for steam turbine blade is studied and the extensible framework structure including user layer, functional layer and system layer is proposed. Based on the control points of the turbine blade profile design method, and based on the expression between the three-dimensional parametric vector modeling method in UG-based platform, the use of UG/Open development tools and Visual C # developed a turbine blade CAD system.

Using the latest available methods and data for designing propeller blades and determining performance, a study of the general aviation propellers installations is given. In this study four general aviation aircraft are considered covering the range of speed and power encountered in this field. Propellers typical of those currently being used are considered and their performance is calculated and compared with the ideal to find the efficiency improvements that might be possible. A study for the aircraft considered showed that new propellers can be designed that will have improved performance that approaches that of the ideal or optimum. The use of the new computer generated airfoils was also considered in the design of new propellers with promising results.