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Efforts to learn the reasons why these apparent errors in behavior or performance occur have been largely speculative until Flight Data Recorders and Cockpit Voice Recorders became available in large transport aircraft. Two accidents are examined in which the data provided by the aircraft recorders were employed to explain the underlying reasons for the sequence of events that culminated in the accidents. ...Two accidents are examined in which the data provided by the aircraft recorders were employed to explain the underlying reasons for the sequence of events that culminated in the accidents. ...It is concluded that aircraft recorders are essential basic tools of the human performance investigator requiring quality, dependability and state-of-the-art equipment to refine the investigative methodology of human performance investigations.

This AS covers ULD utilized in finding flight data recorders, cockpit voice recorders or aircraft. Such ULDs are installed adjacent to the recorders in a manner that they are unlikely to become separated during crash conditions.

This standard covers three (3) basic types of flight recorders as defined below: All requirements specified in Sections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of this standard shall be applicable to all recorder types unless otherwise noted. ...This standard covers three (3) basic types of flight recorders as defined below: All requirements specified in Sections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of this standard shall be applicable to all recorder types unless otherwise noted.

This AS covers Underwater Locating Devices (ULD) to assist in finding flight recorders, cockpit recorders or aircraft or both. Such ULDs are to be installed adjacent to the recorders in a manner that they are unlikely to become separated during crash conditions. ...Such ULDs are to be installed adjacent to the recorders in a manner that they are unlikely to become separated during crash conditions.

American Airlines is implementing three basic programs in the flight performance area in an effort to reduce risks: centralized flight training, line flying checks in the hands of Flight Standards superintendents, and routine surveillance of operations by use of flight performance recorders and accompanying computer programs.

The simulation tool supports plotting of user-selectable model outputs to one or more on-screen strip chart recorders, each having up to four channels. This paper describes key features of several blocks, as well as a hybrid physicochemical/bioregenerative life support system model.

Nowadays, pedestrian kinematics after vehicle impacts can be observed from the accident videos that have been recorded by road monitoring and driver recorders. This study was aimed at investigating the pedestrian landing mechanisms and analyzing the influencing factors.

Therefore, several methods have been included in this document as indicated below with the emissions methods categorized by pollutants: Emissions Modeling Methods ○ NOx, CO, and THC ▪ P3T3 ▪ Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2) ▪ Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt (DLR) Method ▪ International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Reference Method ○ CO2, H2O, and SOx ▪ Fuel Composition Method (FCM) ○ VOC, NMVOC, CH4 and NMTHC ▪ Derivative Factor Method (DFM) ○ N2O ▪ Approximate Factor Method (AFM) ○ PM2.5 and PM10 ▪ First Order Approximation (FOA) Aircraft Performance Methods ○ Aircraft performance data from flight data recorders ○ Manufacturer aircraft performance models ○ SAE AIR 1845 combined with Eurocontrol’s Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) ○ Eurocontrol’s BADA ○ Other aircraft performance models such as the Project Interactive Analysis and Optimisation (PIANO) tool Both of these sets of emissions and aircraft performance methods are listed in the order in which they are presented in this document.

Available flight recorder data are used to tune the model and reconstruct the accident. Then the model is used for in-depth examination of the accident’s “neighborhood” in autonomous “what-if” simulation experiments under actual and hypothetical conditions.

Transient human thermal response characteristics are investigated using two US Army experimental datasets as part of an on-going study to model thermal risk for the warfighter. This paper reports two black box models developed as initial steps to understand the effect of individual differences on transient thermal response and risk. In the first black box model, two transient climatic parameters and six individual characteristics are used as inputs to predict 12 thermal responses including two psychophysical outputs (temperature sensation magnitude, Tsens, and comfort vote, Disc) using experimental data from 35 subjects. For the second black box model, additional individual characteristics are used to model Tcore, Tskin, and the time limit for the individual tolerance to heat stress with heavy clothing, using data from 22 subjects. The insights developed using these component models will be used to develop a decision making framework to predict thermal risk for the warfighter.

Oceaneering has developed a highly reliable contact physics simulation system called Modular Integrated Machine-human Interaction Control (MIMIC) in support of the ultra-deepwater oil and gas industry. This paper provides an overview of MIMIC as it is used offshore, explains Oceaneering's use of the simulation tool to validate requirement-driven design concepts in complex ultra-deepwater operations, and describes how a similar system could be used to validate space exploration designs and operational scenarios. There are many program phases from ultra-deepwater projects that are analogous to space exploration. Conceptual design, tooling and system design validation, and worksite design validation are required in both applications. Comparable specialized engineering support and virtual system integrated testing is conceivable, and operations planning can draw on experience from subsea projects.

Electro-Pneumatic systems exhibit highly nonlinear characteristics due to air compressibility, the presence of friction and the nonlinearities of control valves. Monitoring by acquiring the system's transfer function accurately can be difficult for nonlinear systems. This paper outlines a new idea that one can deal with the electro-pneumatic system as a black box, and using a multivariate technique called principal component analysis (PCA) and projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (PLSDA) to provide robust information about the system's condition. The monitoring system has been experimentally validated for an electro-pneumatic printing machine system using vibration, pressure and displacement sensory data integration using PCA-PLSDA algorithm. Experiments were conducted under two pressures for three artificially conditions: normal, throttled, and leaking system.

A review of the main operational practices related to CDO (Continuous Descent Operations) with relevance for noise and emissions reduction, shows the importance of working in a team when implementing new operational practices, as well as the need to access data either through FDR (flight data recorder) or from measurements. - The example selected explains the difficulties one can have to extract FDR data. ...Key to assessment is the supply of Flight Data Recorder output, the minor cost of provision of this could be offset against the potentially massive fuel benefits that would accrue to airlines if harmonized CDA can be promulgated.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) summarizes prior empirical findings (AIAA 2018-3991; Chati, 2018) to recommend a modified baseline fuel flow rate model for jet-powered commercial aircraft during taxi operations on the airport surface that better reflects operational values. Existing standard modeling approaches are found to significantly overestimate the taxi fuel flow rate; therefore, a modified multiplicative factor is recommended to be applied to these existing approaches to make them more accurate. Results from the analysis of operational flight data are reported, which form the basis for the modeling enhancements being recommended.

Nine items of equipment from the Life Sciences Laboratory Equipment inventory will be used: the rack-mounted centrifuge, hematocrit centrifuge, low-gravity centrifuge, body mass measurement device, urine monitoring system, Spacelab refrigerator/freezer, Orbiter refrigerator, in-flight blood collection system, and pocket voice recorder. In addition, each experiment will require some specialized equipment such as incubators and culture blocks for an immunology experiment and tracers for a fluid and electrolyte experiment and a hematology experiment.

The liquid behavior was recorded on video tape and acceleration data was recorded on a data recorder. As a result liquid-gas separation was perfectly achieved in any phase of the parabolic flight, namely under the high-G to micro-G environment, and it was verified that the functional model has the required function.

The ADR-2 is an Accident Data Recorder that is supplied by Delphi. It is secured to the chassis of the race car and is required equipment in the IRL and IPS as well as the other series included in this report.

This document provides aircraft installation requirements for a Low Frequency Underwater Locator Beacon (LF-ULB) transmitting on a frequency of 8.8 kHz. ICAO Annex 6 Amendment 36, states that a LF-ULB shall be installed on all aircraft with a maximum certified take-off mass of over 27,000 kg, operating over water at particular distances to land suitable for making an emergency landing. ICAO Annex 6 Amendment 36 further states that an LF-ULB shall be installed by January 1, 2018.