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For the purpose of achieving carbon-neutrality in the mobility sector by 2050, hydrogen can play a crucial role as an alternative energy carrier, not only for direct usage in fuel cell-powered vehicles, but also for fueling internal combustion engines. This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of high-pressure hydrogen injection and the mixture formation inside a high-tumble engine with a conventional liquid fuel injector for passenger cars. Since the traditional 3D-CFD approach of simulating the inner flow of an injector requires a very high spatial and temporal resolution, the enormous computational effort, especially for full engine simulations, is a big challenge for an effective virtual development of modern engines. An alternative and more pragmatic lagrangian 3D-CFD approach offers opportunities for a significant reduction in computational effort without sacrificing reliability.

The global transportation industry, and road freight in particular, faces formidable challenges in reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions; both Europe and the US have already enabled legislation with CO2 / GHG reduction targets. In Europe, targets are set on a fleet level basis: a CO2 baseline has already been established using Heavy Duty Vehicle (HDV) data collected and analyzed by the European Environment Agency (EEA) in 2019/2020. This baseline data has been published as the reference for the required CO2 reductions. More recently, the EU has proposed a Zero Emissions Vehicle definition of 3g CO2/t-km. The Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) designation is expected to be key to a number of market instruments that improve the economics and practicality of hydrogen trucks. This paper assesses the permissible amount of carbon-based fuel in hydrogen fueled vehicles – the Pilot Energy Ratio (PER) – for each regulated subgroup of HDVs in the baseline data set.

WCX Thousands of engineers researchers and decision makers from across the industry will converge online to collaborate on the shift to mobility in the first ever WCX Digital Summit

Count on SAE International®—the global leader in technical learning for mobility professionals—to deliver emerging research, consumer metrics, regulatory standards and the latest innovations to advance mobility at the WCX World Congress event.

Count on SAE International®—the global leader in technical learning for mobility professionals—to deliver emerging research, consumer metrics, regulatory standards and the latest innovations to advance mobility at the WCX World Congress event.

The Government/Industry Meeting technical program is designed to provide an open forum to discuss the critical impacts that legislation has on vehicle design from R&D to customer acceptance.

October 29-31, 2019 │ Novi, MI

October 29-31, 2019 │ Novi, MI