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This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes available technology and current aerospace industry practices used for the selection, testing, lubrication, and sealing of single row tapered roller bearings to reduce bearing damage as a problem in the aircraft industry.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the Minimum Performance Standards (MPS) for wheel, brake, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on aircraft certificated under 14 CFR Parts 23, 27, and 29. Compliance with this specification is not considered approval for installation on any aircraft.

The focus of this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) is the integration of thermally actuated pressure release devices, hereafter referred to as fuse plugs, with the wheel and brake assembly. It does not address the manufacturing, quality or acceptance test requirements pertaining to the production of these fuse plugs. It establishes minimum design, installation, qualification, and operational requirements for fuse plugs which are used only in tubeless tire type aircraft braked wheels. Fuse plugs are designed to completely release the contained inflation pressure from a tubeless tire and wheel assembly when brake generated heat causes the tire or wheel to exceed a safe temperature level. The objective is to prevent tire or wheel rupture due to brake generated heat that could cause an unsafe condition for personnel or the aircraft. (Reference: U.S. Department of Transportation FAA Advisory Circular No. 23-17C; Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Part 25.735 (j); U.S.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides the recommended procedure for obtaining desired preloads in aircraft wheel tie bolts when mounting tires and assembling the wheel. It is generally referred to as the snug-angle bolted joint assembly procedure. It is also known as the “torque-turn” procedure in the heavy equipment ground vehicle industry.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the configuration of aircraft wheel inflation valve assemblies, including required tolerances, materials, and appropriate finishes.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) recommends the maintainability features which should be considered in the design of aircraft wheels and brakes. The effect on other factors, such as, cost, weight, reliability, and compatibility with other systems should be weighed before the incorporation of any of these maintainability features into the design.

The focus of this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) is the integration of thermally actuated pressure release devices, hereafter referred to as fuse plugs, with the wheel and brake assembly. It does not address the manufacturing, quality or acceptance test requirements pertaining to the production of these fuse plugs. It establishes minimum design, installation, qualification, and operational requirements for fuse plugs which are used only in tubeless tire type aircraft braked wheels. Fuse plugs are designed to completely release the contained inflation pressure from a tubeless tire and wheel assembly when brake generated heat causes the tire or wheel to exceed a safe temperature level. The objective is to prevent tire or wheel rupture due to brake generated heat that could cause an unsafe condition for personnel or the aircraft. (Reference: U.S. Department of Transportation FAA Advisory Circular No. 23-17C; Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Part 25.735 (j); U.S.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the design, operation, and attributes of electrical braking systems for both military and commercial aircraft. At this time, the document focuses only on brakes utilizing electromechanical actuators (EMAs), as that is the present state of the art. As such, the discussions herein assume that EMAs can simply replace the hydraulic actuation portion of typical brake system leaving things such as the wheel and heat sink unchanged. Furthermore, the document provides detail information from the perspective of brake system design and operation. The document also addresses failure modes, certification issues, and past development efforts. Details on the design and control of electric motors, gear train design, ball or roller screw selection are available in the reference documents and elsewhere, but are outside the scope of this document.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies the minimum design and qualification test recommendations for aircraft wheel overpressurization release devices used with tubeless aircraft tires to protect from possible explosive failure of the contained inflation chamber due to overinflation. Devices of this type provide a means, but not the only means, for showing compliance to Subsection 25.731(d) of Part 25 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Devices of this type will not protect against flash fire explosive conditions within the inflation chamber which may occur due to extremely overheated brakes or spontaneous combustion caused by a foreign substance within the inflation chamber. To help protect against this condition, nitrogen (N2) or other inert gas should be used for inflation.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines recommended planning and substantiation procedures and associated reviewing and approval processes to confirm that proposed changes do not compromise the demonstrated safety of the originally certified aircraft, and performance and aircraft compatibility are appropriately addressed in aircraft documentation. Successful demonstration also requires that failure modes be identified and mitigation provided for each. These procedures apply to modifications made by the original component or assembly supplier as well as approval of an alternate supplier.

This specification covers minimum requirements for brake temperature monitoring equipment whenever used on any type and model of civil aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to determine the compatibility of these requirements with the application aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the functional, design, construction, and test requirements for Automatic Braking Systems. Installation information and lessons learned are also included.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the functional, design, construction, and test requirements for Automatic Braking Systems. Installation information and lessons learned are also included.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies the minimum design and test recommendations for aircraft wheel overpressurization release devices used with tubeless aircraft tires to protect from possible explosive failure of the contained air chamber due to overinflation. Devices of this type provide a means, but not the only means, for showing compliance to Subsection 25.731(d) of Part 25 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Devices of this type will not protect against flash fire explosive conditions within the air chamber which may occur due to extremely overheated brakes. To help protect against this condition, nitrogen or other inert gas should be used for inflation.

This specification covers minimum design and test requirements for aircraft tire inflation-deflation equipment for use on all types of aircraft. It shall be the responsibility of the airframe manufacturer to determine the compatibility of the requirement with the applicable aircraft and to specify requirements in excess of these minimums as necessary.

This technical report documents three surveys to determine realistic vibration requirements for skid control systems specifications and obtain updated vibration information for locations in aircraft where skid control system components are mounted.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) documents general technical data associated with many of the wheels used in the Air Force.

This Minimum Performance Document defines the testing required for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies to be used on civil aircraft certified under 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 23, 27, and 29. Compliance with this document is recommended to assure that the equipment supplied will meet the intended design function when installed on aircraft. Compliance with this document does not constitute authorization for installation on an aircraft. The combined recommendations of this document provide an acceptable practice, but not the only practice, for obtaining authorization to apply TSO markings on the equipment.

In lieu of TSO-C135, this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes the minimum performance standards for wheels, brakes, and wheel and brake assemblies using electric power actuation for transport category (14 CFR Part 25) airplanes. Testing is limited to that necessary to establish minimum performance related to strength, robustness, stopping capability, and energy absorption to ensure measurable, repeatable industry accepted standards for these aspects of wheel and brake performance. The test parameters associated with electric braking actuation are defined around the state of the technology at this time, typically comprised of an Electro-Mechanical Actuator (EMA) controlled by a control system delivering electric power and effecting motor control.