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The purpose of the Air Generation System is to provide a constant supply of conditioned fresh air to meet the necessary oxygen availability and to prevent carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations for the occupants in an aircraft. The engine bleed energy or electrical load energy consumed towards this circumstance accounts to be approx. 5% of total fuel burn and in turn, contributes to the global emissions of greenhouse gases. This paper studies the improvement areas of the present conventional system such as fuel burn consumption associated with an aircraft environmental control system (ECS) depending on, the amount of bleed and ram air usage, electric power consumption. Improved systems for propulsion, power generation, sustainability, hybridization, and environmental control can be desirable for an aircraft.

Ultra-Downsizing (UD) was introduced as an even higher level of downsizing for Internal Combustion Engines ICEs, see [2] SAE 2015-01-1252. The introduction of Ultra Downsizing (UD) aims to enhance the power, efficiency, and sustainability of ICEs while maintaining the thermal and mechanical strain within acceptable limits. The following approaches are utilized: 1 True Atkinson Cycles are implemented utilizing an asymmetrical crank mechanism called Variable Compression and Stroke Ratios (VCSR). This mechanism allows for extended expansion stroke and continuous adjustment of the Volumetric Compression Ratio (VCR). 2 Unrestricted two or more stage high-pressure turbocharging and intensive intercooling: This setup enables more complete filling of the cylinder and reduces the compression work on the piston, resulting in higher specific power and efficiency. 3 The new Load Control (LC) approach is based to continuous VCR adjustment.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers forced air technology including: reference material, equipment, safety, operation, and methodology. This resource document is intended to provide information and minimum safety guidelines regarding use of forced air or forced air/fluid equipment to remove frozen contaminants. During the effective period of this document, relevant sections herein should be considered and included in all/any relevant SAE documents.

In radiography testing, the radioactive elements Iridium 192 (Ir192) and Cobalt 60 (Co60) are employed to detect subsurface and inner flaws. These radioactive components are kept secure within the radiation-protected source camera. Despite the fact that the camera is safe, there is a little quantity of radiation that may harm human body cells. In this present study, it restricts radiation emission by placing a lead sheet over the source camera, which absorbs the produced radiation. The innovative concept involves in this present work is to place a manually operated switch near the radiation source to emit radiation.

This proposed revision of the Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP6973) will provide minor edits to the existing document, plus an alternative third method for measuring the aircraft noise level reduction of building façades that is currently being validated. Airports and their consultants will be able to use any of the three methods presented in this revised ARP to determine the eligibility of structures exposed to aircraft noise to participate in an FAA-funded Airport Noise Mitigation Project, to determine the treatments required to meet project objectives, and to verify that such objectives are satisfied.

The document aims to provide guidance for safe practices, effective operations and continued compliance with revelant standards and aircraft manufacturer’s recommendations.

Measurements in snow conditions performed in the past were rarely initiated and best suited for pure and extremely detailed quantification of microphysical properties of a series of microphysical parameters, needed for accretion modelling. Within the European ICE GENESIS project, a considerable effort of natural snow measurements has been made during winter 2020/21. Instrumental means, both in-situ and remote sensing were deployed on the ATR-42 aircraft, as well as on the ground (ground station at ‘Les Eplatures’ airport in the Swiss Jura Mountains with ATR-42 overflights). Snow clouds and precipitation in the atmospheric column were sampled with the aircraft, whereas ground based and airborne radar systems allowed extending the observations of snow properties beyond the flight level chosen for the in situ measurements.

Future compliance to FAA 14 CFR Part 25 and EASA CS-25 Appendix O conditions has required icing wind tunnels to expand their cloud simulation envelope, and demonstrate accurate calibration of liquid water content and droplet particle size distributions under these conditions. This has led to a renewed community interest in the accuracy of these calibrations, and the potential inter-facility bias due to the choice of instrumentation and processing methods. This article provides a comparison of the response of various hot-wire liquid water content instruments under Appendix C and supercooled large droplet conditions, after an independent similar analysis at other wind tunnel facilities. The instruments are being used, or are under consideration for use, by facilities collaborating in the ICE GENESIS program.

This paper describes a recommended practice and procedure for the correlation of test cells that are used for the performance testing of APU (auxiliary power unit) engines. Test cell correlation is performed to determine the effect of any given test cell enclosure and equipment on the performance of an engine relative to the baseline performance of that engine. The baseline performance is generally determined at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) designated test facility. Although no original equipment manufacturer (OEM) documents are actually referenced, the experience and knowledge of several OEMs contributed to the development of this document. Each engine Manufacturer has their own practices relating to correlation and they will be used by those OEMs for the purpose of establishing certified test facilities.

This paper describes a recommended practice and procedure for the correlation of test cells that are used for the performance testing of turboprop and turboshaft engines. This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) shall apply to both dynamometer and propeller based testing. Test cell correlation is performed to determine the effect of any given test cell enclosure and equipment on the performance of an engine relative to the baseline performance of that engine. Although no original equipment manufacturer (OEM) documents are actually referenced, the experience and knowledge of several OEMs contributed to the development of this document. Each engine manufacturer has their own practices relating to correlation and they will be used by those OEMS for the purpose of establishing certified test facilities.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a recommended practice and procedure for the correlation of test cells that are used for the performance testing of turbofan and turbojet engines. Test cell correlation is performed to determine the effect of any given test cell enclosure and equipment on the performance of an engine relative to the baseline performance of that engine. When baseline testing is performed in an indoor test cell, the baseline performance data are adjusted to open air conditions. Although no original equipment manufacturer (OEM) documents are actually referenced, the experience and knowledge of several OEM’s contributed to the development of this document. Each engine Manufacturer has their own practices relating to correlation and they will be used by those OEMs for the purpose of establishing certified test facilities.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) summarizes prior empirical findings (AIAA 2018-3991; Chati, 2018) to recommend a modified baseline fuel flow rate model for jet-powered commercial aircraft during taxi operations on the airport surface that better reflects operational values. Existing standard modeling approaches are found to significantly overestimate the taxi fuel flow rate; therefore, a modified multiplicative factor is recommended to be applied to these existing approaches to make them more accurate. Results from the analysis of operational flight data are reported, which form the basis for the modeling enhancements being recommended.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) defines helicopter turboshaft engine power assurance theory and methods. Several inflight power assurance example procedures are presented. These procedures vary from a very simple method used on some normal category civil helicopters, to the more complex methods involving trend monitoring and rolling average techniques. The latter method can be used by small operators but is generally better suited to the larger operator with computerized maintenance record capability.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes procedures for calculating fuel consumption for civil jet airplanes through all modes of operation for all segments of a flight. Turboprop and piston airplanes, as well as helicopters or unconventional aircraft, are not included in this AIR. The principle purpose of these procedures is to assist model developers in calculating airplane fuel consumption in a consistent and accurate manner that can be used to address various environmental assessments including those related to policy decisions and regulatory requirements. This AIR is intended to directly support the emission calculations documented in AIR5715. The models described in this AIR are intended to be used from the start of the takeoff roll to the end of the ground roll; taxi fuel consumption models are not included. If modelers have access to higher fidelity methods, they should use those methods in lieu of the ones in this AIR.

This document specifies the general functional and performance requirements for a self-propelled, boom type aerial device equipped with an aircraft deicing/anti- icing fluid (ADF) spraying system. The unit shall be highly maneuverable for deicing and anti-icing all exterior surfaces of wide-body and narrow-body aircraft, e.g., B747 and DC9. The vehicle shall be suitable for day and night operations. The vehicle and all associated systems shall operate satisfactorily under the temperature conditions between -40 and 50 degrees C (-40 and 122 degrees F) and in continuous humidity of up to 100%. It is not within the scope of this document to specify a comprehensive set of technical design criteria for aircraft deicing/anti-icing vehicles but only those relating to functional and performance requirements.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to establish guidelines and design requirements for an enclosed cabin for both mobile deicers and fixed deicing equipment. The enclosed cabin is located at the end of the deicing boom.

Engineering Events staff at SAE International in Warrendale, Pennsylvania, have extended the call for abstracts through September 21 for the organization’s AeroTech aerospace and defense technology conference, which will take place at the Fort Worth Convention Center in Fort Worth, Texas, March 14-16, 2023. Visit the AeroTech call for abstracts page for more information and to get started.

The purpose of the OBIGGS is to reduce the amount of oxygen in the fuel tank to a 'safe' level to significantly reduce the possibility of ignition of fuel vapors. There are circumstances where equipment of OBIGGS like ASMs, Ozone Converter Catalysts, etc. gets degraded earlier than the provided MTBF. This paper studies the present conventional systems limitations, like due to memory constraints only the faults and limited shop data are being recorded, hence there is no provision to store/report the stream of data margins with which we can pass/fail the performance tests. This paper also explains how a new design of the Connected concept achieves access to real-time data from the system and how the data is pushed to the cloud network.