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This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information related to experience with carbon brake quality-assurance rejected takeoff tests, and considerations regarding test setup, test conditions, test frequency and cost considerations.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides the recommended procedure for obtaining desired preloads in aircraft wheel tie bolts when mounting tires and assembling the wheel. It is generally referred to as the snug-angle bolted joint assembly procedure. It is also known as the “torque-turn” procedure in the heavy equipment ground vehicle industry.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information on the parking brake system design for a variety of aircraft including part 23, 25, 27, and 29. The document includes a discussion of key technical issues with parking brakes. This document does NOT provide recommended practices for parking brake system design.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the configuration of aircraft wheel inflation valve assemblies, including required tolerances, materials, and appropriate finishes.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the design approaches used for current applications of aircraft Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems. The document also discusses the experience gained during service, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The document includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on the current state of the art systems.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies the minimum design and qualification test recommendations for aircraft wheel overpressurization release devices used with tubeless aircraft tires to protect from possible explosive failure of the contained inflation chamber due to overinflation. Devices of this type provide a means, but not the only means, for showing compliance to Subsection 25.731(d) of Part 25 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Devices of this type will not protect against flash fire explosive conditions within the inflation chamber which may occur due to extremely overheated brakes or spontaneous combustion caused by a foreign substance within the inflation chamber. To help protect against this condition, nitrogen (N2) or other inert gas should be used for inflation.

The aircraft landing gear is a complex multi-degree of freedom dynamic system, and may encounter vibration or dynamic response problems induced by braking action. The vibratory modes can be induced by brake and tire-ground frictional characteristics, antiskid operation, brake design features, landing gear design features, and tire characteristics. The impact of this vibration can range from catastrophic failure of critical system components or entire landing gears, to fatigue of small components, to passenger annoyance. It is therefore important that the vibration is assessed during the design concept phase, and verified during the development and testing phases of the system hardware. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the A-5A Subcommittee to present an overview of the landing gear problems associated with aircraft braking system dynamics, and the approaches to the identification, diagnosis, and solution of these problems.

The purpose of this document is to relate areas where carbon brake technology may differ from traditional steel brake technology in design and performance. Carbon brakes have been used on military aircraft for many years and are now frequently used on newly commercial developed aircraft. This document presents some of the lessons learned.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5A Committee and is presented to document the design approaches and service experience from various applications of antiskid systems. This experience includes commercial and military applications.

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes conditions under which freezing (frozen) brakes can occur and describes operating procedures which have been used to prevent or lessen the severity or probability of brake freezing. This document also identifies design features that some manufacturers implement to minimize the occurrence of freezing brakes. This document is not an Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) and therefore does not make recommendations based on a consensus of the industry. However, part of this document’s purpose is to describe the design and operational practices that some are using to minimize the risk of frozen brakes. NOTE: The following information is based upon experience gained across a wide-range of aircraft types and operational profiles, and should NOT take precedence over Aircraft Flight Manual or Flight Operations Procedures.

This document provides information on contamination and its effects on brakes having carbon-carbon composite friction materials (carbon). Carbon is hygroscopic and porous, and therefore readily absorbs liquids and contaminants. Some of the contaminants can impact intended performance of the brake. This document is intended to raise awareness of the effects of carbon brake contamination and provide information on industry practices for its prevention. Although not addressed in this report, contaminants can cause problems with other landing system components including tires.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the functional, design, construction, and test requirements for Automatic Braking Systems. Installation information and lessons learned are also included.

This AIR describes conditions under which freezing brakes can occur and offers suggested design features to minimize occurrence. It also suggests operating procedures which have been shown to prevent or lessen the severity of brake freezing.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the functional, design, construction, and test requirements for Automatic Braking Systems. Installation information and lessons learned are also included.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for brake systems used on military aircraft equipped with wheel-type landing gears.

A panel of the SAE A-5A Committee prepared this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR). The document describes the design approaches used for current applications of Brake-by-Wire (BBW) control systems that are used on commercial and military airplanes. The document also discusses the experience gained during service in the commercial and military environments, and covers system, ergonomic, hardware, and development aspects. The treatment includes the lessons that have been learned during application of the technology. Although there are a variety of approaches that have been used in the design of BBW systems, the main focus of this document is on systems that use the electro-hydraulic method of control. The overall range of implementations is briefly described in 2.3. Sections 3, 4, and 5 describe the electro-hydraulic method in detail.

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines recommended substantiation procedures and associated reviewing and approval processes to confirm that proposed changes do not compromise the demonstrated safety, performance, and airplane compatibility of the originally certified commercial and military aircraft. Successful demonstration also includes confirmation that no adverse failure modes are introduced. These procedures apply to modifications made by the original component or assembly supplier as well as certification of an alternate supplier.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) sets forth the minimum quality required for aircraft wheel and brake castings. Its use will establish minimum acceptable requirements for internal structure and surface conditions and is predicated on the use of a casting factor for the ultimate load of more than 1.51 through 2.00. When casting factors of 1.25 through 1.50 are used, visual, penetrant, and radiographic or other approved equivalent nondestructive inspection methods shall all be required on each production casting. Where specific parts, or areas of parts, require a quality level exceeding that described by this document, the requirements shall be established by negotiation between the purchaser and vendor.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been prepared by a panel of the SAE A-5A Committee and is presented to document the design approaches and service experience from various applications of antiskid systems. This experience includes commercial and military applications.