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During braking a large amount of kinetic energy will be transformed into thermal energy thereby increasing the brake disc temperature around 200oC to 500oC in motorcycles and ATVs, which forces to improve the heat transfer in brake disc by providing grooves and holes and this minimize the clamping area between the brake pad and disc, thus resulting in uneven contact thereby reducing the clamping force. In which the present study is mainly done to improve the clamping force on the brake disc through re-coined the shape of grooves with various disc materials by design and analysis route. The brake disc is modelled with triangular groove around the radial diameter of the Aluminium metal matrix composite (AA8081 reinforced with 15wt% of SiC and 3wt% of Gr), Stainless Steel (SUS 410) materials data set.

This limited research was extended to study the modification surface amendment of materials through Friction Stir Process (FSP) with nanoparticle addition followed by the post-processing method. In this paper, strengthened core and surface properties of AA8011 has been enhanced by adding nanoparticles such as Nitinol shape memory alloy (NiTi-SMAs) and silicon nitrate (Si3N4) through FSP followed by two different way of post-processing techniques like case hardening, case harden with shot peening. During FSP the use of NiTi-SMAs and Si3N4 as reinforcement interlocked the grains in hybrid nano composites of the processed zone. Also besides, post-processing promises a performance enhancement of core and surface hardness, ultimate tensile strength, impact strength and homogeneous distribution which was observed through scanning electron microscopic observations.

One of the prominent representatives of heat-resistant polymers was the class of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) with high-strength, but still lightweight. The carbon fiber with PETG (CFPETG) composites also gives even more resistance to heat and chemical, creating it a demandable choice of application in automotive and other industrial components. This paper aims to study the most significant process parameter of FDM technique for different infill density of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% at various sliding load condition and sliding distance on wear and friction characteristics of PETG and CFPETG under annealed condition was investigated via dry sliding tribometer apparatus. The trials were done by applying the load of 10N, 20N, 30N, 40N, with a sliding distance of 1000m, 2000m for the time period of 10 min at room temperature and responses such as wear rate and coefficient of friction were recorded for further analysis.

The Oil Hardening Non Shrinking (OHNS) die steel refers to a variety of carbon and alloy steels that are particularly well-suited for making tools. Though these steels are weldable, there is risk of crack formation. But, this can be avoided with convinced specifications like pre heating, proper choice of electrode etc., In the present work, OHNS die steel is welded with three different electrodes. The chosen electrodes were mild steel electrode, E312-16 chromium based electrode and E-NiCrFe-3 nickel based electrode. The OHNS steel is welded with these three electrodes and the welded specimens were examined for hot cracking tendency and mechanical properties of the joint. The hot cracking tendency was assessed by Houldcroft’s weldability test (Fishbone test). All the three electrodes proved the good results in terms of hot crack resistance and the specimen welded with E312-16 chromium based electrode provides good mechanical properties.

Brake pad is considered to be the most essential part of the vehicle. Owing to environmental requirements, natural materials are the raising alternative sources for manufacturing degradable specimens. The main intern of this work was to study the tribological properties of carbon fibre with Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) resin, Cashew Nut Shell (CNS) filler, nano Silicon dioxide (SiO2), alumina and graphite. Four samples of varying composition were prepared under optimum process parametric conditions using compression moulding machine. The prepared samples are taken for tribometer test using pin-on-disc apparatus at room temperature. In this load of 10,20,30,40N and sliding distance of 1000,2000 m are applied and responds like wear rate and co-efficient of friction were noted. In addition, the comparisons of hardness of the specimens before and after the tribometer test were also made to note the behaviour of specimens after exposure to thermal and loaded condition.

The suspension is an indispensable element of automobiles which plays a crucial role in maintaining stability and the ride comfort. Helical springs are used in automobile suspension for many decades. The stiffness of the spring and presence of shock absorber plays a major role while negotiating a huge amount of load. Therefore, the cost of the suspension increases proportionally in commercial vehicles. In this present work, a helical and wave spring is designed and static cum dynamic analysis is done by using ANSYS 18.1 for comparing their performance and to eliminate the downside of the suspension. The geometry of the helical spring is designed using the helix curve and wave spring is designed using Sinusoidal equation. Modeling of both the springs is done using Solid works 2018. Chrome silicon and music wire are chosen as a spring material.

This research is limited to study the strength and wear resistance of 20MnCr5 (SAE 5120) alloy steel under monolithic, case hardened and case hardened with shot peening processing condition. Improve the hardness of the material by enhancing the core and surface strength of case hardened with the shot peened sample. The main objective of this proposed work is to conduct the tribometer test by varying the load of 10, 20, 30 and 40N and sliding speed of 193, 386 rpm respectively on wear rate and coefficient of friction be calculated and recorded for this study. Less wear rate and nominal coefficient of friction were observed for case hardened with the shot peened sample. Load increases wear rate increases and the coefficient of friction decreases when sliding distance increases wear rate decreases and the coefficient of friction increases for all the tested samples due to oxide layer formation.

The brake pad is one of the foremost imperative parts of the vehicle. Due to the environmental requirement, natural materials were the alternate source for products manufacturing. The product composite made by using hot press techniques with mixing ingredients such as natural fiber (treated sisal), cashew nut filler, graphite and alumina with resin (cashew nut shell liquid - CNSL and epoxy). Two formulas and four samples of each set were composed by varying the resin type of CNSL and epoxy and prepared the test samples with attaining better hardness. The main intern of this proposed effort is to appraise the wear in dry sliding and performance of friction of the prepared composites. The composites are taken for tribo test by varying the load of 10,20,30,40 N and sliding distance of 1000, 2000 m respectively. Experiments were performed at stated process parametric conditions to record the responses.

The enormous need of effective transportation creates an unavoidable situation in automobile industries to improve and maintain safety systems in vehicles. In crisis, brake disc of the braking system plays a vital role in effective braking of the vehicle. The main objective of this proposed study is to design a disc with two different groove patterns and a material with two different compositions. By using solidworks, a brake disc with proper slots and groove pattern (J hook and square groove) was designed for improved bite, debris, clearance, reduced distortion / vibration and effective heat transfer through convection process. In which two different materials namely zinc based Aluminium Alloy (AA8011) and its composite (AA8011 (5 wt% B4C +3 wt% Gr)) are considered after heat treatment (T6) as disc materials. The properties are measured and given as input data set in ansys workbench for further processing.

Formula vehicles (FSAE) is confronting to increase vehicle performance by reducing the weight of the various components. In consideration of weight, knuckle is one of the serious things to look over it. Steering knuckle is a nonstandard or non-catalog component hooks up with the constraint wishbones, suspension, brake disc and wheel hub. It undergoes alternating loads subjected to different conditions. In this study we aim in reduction of weight in the knuckle with concession in the yield strength. Design a two different type of compact knuckle by using the solidworks software. The compact knuckle also provides desired direction to the vehicle and also reduces the unsprung mass. To make a compact knuckle enrich a rib in less stress areas. The difference in two knuckles is that the length of model 2 knuckle is more. If the length of the knuckle increases the stress acting on upper arm will be less when compared to the model 1.

The steering knuckle is an essential component in All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) which withstands alternating loads subjected to different conditions without affecting the vehicle performance. The main objective of the proposed work was to design and analysis the steering knuckle under static conditions to observe stress, total deformation and factor of safety for proposed materials. In this present investigation, Aluminium alloy (AA7075) was chosen as it exhibits good ductility, high strength, toughness and high resistance to withstand impact load. The prime objective of this work was processed under three different conditions like virgin AA7075, AA7075 with T6 heat treatment and AA7075 with T6 heat treatment followed by shot-peening post processed technique was completed and to attain diverse strength of the samples were tested and noted appropriate responses. The secondary objective of our proposed work, an optimum knuckle design was modeled using Solidworks.