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Using tolerance stacks ensures that parts fit together properly, reducing scrap and rework, thereby increasing value. This 2-day foundational-level course explains how to use tolerance stacks to analyze product designs and how to use geometric tolerances in stacks.

Fastener experts believe that upwards of 95% of all fastener failures are the result of either the wrong fastener for the job or improper installation. Improper installation or incorrect fastener selection can result in catastrophic loss or damage. Learn how to avoid issues by getting the answers in this course.

This course is offered in China only and presented in Mandarin Chinese. The course materials are bilingual (English and Chinese). Energy conservation and emission reduction has always been a goal for many countries. Especially since the introduction of China VI Vehicle Emission Standards and CAFC & NEV Credit Regulation, the output of NEVs has grown explosively while accompanied by a large number of car fire burning problems and complaints about the shortening of proclaimed electric-only driving range.

This method of gaging alignment of nut slots allows equal variations for location of the cotter pin hole in the bolt and location of slots in the nut. To inspect the nut, the slotted gage is inserted through the nut hole from the bearing surface of the nut. Alignment of slots is considered satisfactory if the gage pin can be slipped into the gage and nut slots without interference.

Round head bolts are made in two body styles: (a) A full size body, with a maximum diameter somewhat greater than the nominal diameter (not an SAE Standard except for ribbed neck bolts, Table 3); and (b) an undersize body, with a minimum diameter approximating the pitch diameter of the thread and a maximum diameter never exceeding nominal (SAE standard for all types except ribbed neck bolts). The body diameter of either style may be exceeded by a reasonable swelling or fin under the head, or under corners of the square necks, to the extent that serviceability is not affected.

The 24 vehicle aerodynamic papers in this technical paper collection cover topics such as cooling airflow, aerodynamic optimization and aero add-ons, transient flows and effects, and wind tunnel development and simulation tools.

Ford's thermal management with batteries. Presenter Robert Taenaka, Ford Motor Co.

The presentation describes the aerodynamic development and optimization process of the three different new models of the Audi A6/A7 family. The body types of these three models represent the three classic aerodynamic body types squareback, notchback and fastback. A short introduction of the flow structures of these different body types is given and their effect on the vehicle aerodynamic is described. In order to achieve good aerodynamic performance, the integration into the development process of the knowledge about these flow phenomena and the breakdown of the aerodynamic resistance into its components friction- and pressure drag as well as the induced drag is very important. The presentation illustrates how this is realized within the aerodynamic development process at Audi. It describes how the results of CFD simulations are combined with wind tunnel measurements and how the information about the different flow phenomena were used to achieve an aerodynamic improvement.

This session covers topics regarding new CI and SI engines and components. This includes analytical, experimental, and computational studies covering hardware development as well as design and analysis techniques. Presenter Sung Hoon Lee, Hyundai Motor Co.

Advanced vehicular thermal management system can improve engine performance, minimize fuel consumption, and reduce emissions by harmoniously operating computer-controlled servomotor components. In this paper, a neural network-based optimal control strategy is proposed to regulate the engine temperature through the advanced cooling system. Presenter Asma Al Tamimi, Hashemite University

Presentation will concentrate on a brief overview of SAE International including history, international focus and SAE electro-mobility ground vehicle standards development activities. The new era of mobility and the driving forces behind it including converging technologies and today�s drive toward �green� will be discussed. Also, standards and technology enablers for vehicle electrification including, the global landscape for EV charging standards and next generation charging method approaches will be reviewed. Additionally, an overview of SAE global EV Battery Standards and activities including industry/government collaborative efforts to develop lithium ion rechargeable energy storage system safety standards will be provided. Presenter Keith Wilson, SAE International

The grant application process can be overwhelming. With several years of incentive program guidance, sustainable transportation services and strategic market assessment expertise, Emisstar LLC has the grant process down to a science. During this presentation, Tiffany Hollon will share her experience as an Emisstar staff member to guide you through the primary steps, preparation and follow-up for a typical grant application. Real-life examples and an application walk-through will demystify the most complicated parts of the process. Throughout the discussion, helpful tips persuasion strategies will be shared to help make your application stand apart from the crowd. Presenter Tiffany Hollon, Emisstar LLC

Optical fiber has begun replacing copper in avionic networks. So far, however, it has been mainly restricted to non-critical applications (video transmission to the flight deck, IFE?). In order to take advantage of the high-bandwidth, low weight, no EMI properties of optical fibers in all data transmission networks, it will be necessary to improve the testing. One part of the puzzle, which is still missing, is the self-test button: the possibility to check the network and detect potential failures before they occur. The typical testing tool of a technician involved in optical fiber cables is the ?light source ? optical power meter? pair. With this tool, one can measure the insertion loss of the fiber link. A second important parameter, the return loss at each optical connector, is not analysed. In addition, this is only a global measurement, which does not allow the detection of possible weak points.

The use of Engine Health Management (EHM) systems has been growing steadily in both the civilian and the military aerospace sectors. Barring a few notable exceptions (such as certain temperature and thrust margin monitoring) regulatory authorities around the world have not required these systems to be certified in any way. This is changing rapidly. New airframes and engines are increasingly being designed with the assumption that EHM will be an integral part of the way customers will operate these assets. This leads to a need for better guidelines on how such systems should be certified. The SAE E-32 committee on Propulsion System Health Monitoring is leading an industry-wide effort to develop a set of guidelines for certifying EHM systems.

By introducing the concept of a separation between graphics and logic, interpreted run time architecture, and defined communication protocol, the ARINC 661 standard has addressed many of the concerns that aircraft manufacturers face when creating cockpit avionics displays. However, before kicking off a project based on the standard, it is important to understand all aspects of the standard, as well as the benefits and occasional drawbacks of developing with ARINC 661 in mind. This white paper will first provide an overview of ARINC 661 to clarify its concepts and how these relate to the development process. The paper will also describe the benefits of using a distributed development approach, and will outline practical, real world considerations for implementing an ARINC 661-based solution. Finally, readers will learn how commercial tools can be used to simplify the creation of displays following the standard to speed development and reduce costs.

The aerospace industry has long sought a solution for storing maintenance history information directly on aircraft parts. In 2005 leading airframe manufacturers determined that passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology presented a unique opportunity to address this industry need. Through the efforts of the Air Transport Association (ATA) RFID on Parts Committee and SAE International testing standards and data specifications are in place to support the broad adoption of passive RFID for storing parts history information directly on aircraft parts. The primary focus of the paper will be on the SAE AS-5678 environmental testing standard for passive RFID tags intended for aircraft use. Detail will be provided to help aerospace manufacturers understand their role and responsibilities for current programs and understand how this may impact their parts certification process.

High Speed Machining of CFRP Parts Investigation of the influence of new geometries, cutting datas and coolant capabilities on the surface finish of CFRP parts. State of the art: Different CFRP grades and machining conditions make geometry adjustments to the tool necessary. Mechanical failures through machining operations can be avoided in most of the cases. New unidirectional CFRP grades and dry machining processes again lead to machining problems. This study investigates new geometries to avoid heat damage with dry maching and air coolant in case of unidirectional CFRP. With help of a thermo camera and the surface investigation with a scanning electron microscope, heat damage can be analysed and therefore new geometries can be developed and tested. Target is to develop a new multi purpose CFRP geometry to meet the requirements of the future. The reduction of different geometries used leads to major cost savings. Presenter Ingo von Puttkamer, Guhring oHG

Zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, and quasi-dimensional models for simulation of SI and CI engines with respect to: engine breathing and boosting; SI combustion and emissions; CI combustion and emissions; fundamentals of engine thermodynamics; thermal management; mechanical and lubrication systems; system level models for controls; system level models for vehicle fuel economy and emissions predictions. Presenter Fabio Bozza, Universita di Napoli

This session focuses on kinetically controlled combustion. Experimental and simulation studies pertaining to various means of controlling combustion are welcome. Examples are research studies dealing with temperature and composition distribution inside the cylinder and their impact on heat release process. Studies clarifying the role of fuel physical and chemical properties in autoignition are also welcome. Presenter Hanho Yun, General Motors Company

Can you become a visionary or are you born one? How does a visionary capture an opportunity and makes it a successful business? Are engineers more qualified to solve technical problems or run companies? SAE's "The Visionary's Take" addresses these and many other questions, by talking directly with those who have dared to tackle difficult engineering problems, and create real-life products out of their experience. In these short episodes, Sanjiv Singh and Lyle Chamberlain, respectively CEO and Chief Engineer from Near Earth Autonomy, talk about their experience in creating a brand-new company in the UAV world. Founded in 2011, Near Earth Autonomy brought together a group of engineers and roboticists, looking for unconventional solutions to very hard logistics problems, presenting danger to human life. The answers were developed by pushing technology to a higher level, testing quickly and often, and keeping an open mind to alternative ways of framing engineering challenges.