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SAE International will host a series of webinars that will cover the recently published and completely new Euro NCAP Rating Scheme for 2026 and beyond. This rating scheme supports the Euro NCAP Vision 2030 Roadmap. e-Learning coming soon!

Honda R&D Technical Review is a periodical containing research papers related to Honda R&D Center activities worldwide that cover automobile, motorcycle, power products, aircraft engine, and other fundamental technologies. Honda Motor offers a book for the April 2021 issue with 104 pages containing 12 papers focusing on the following latest topics: Technology for Prediction of Contactor Noise for Electric-powered Vehicle Batteries Reduction of Internal Resistance in High Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries with 3D Lattice-structured Electrode Predictive Technique for Seat Belt Submarining Injury by Triaxial Iliac Load Cell

Abstract Truck platooning comprises a number of trucks equipped with automated lateral and longitudinal vehicle control technology, which allows them to move in tight formation with short following distances. This study is an initial step toward developing an understanding of the occupant injury risks associated with the multiple sequential impacts between truck platoons and roadside safety barriers, regardless of whether the crash is associated with a malfunction of automated control or human operation. Full-scale crash impacts of a tractor-trailer platoon into a concrete bridge guardrail were simulated for a specific Test Level condition according to the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) standards. The model of the bridge barrier was developed based on its drawings, and material properties were assigned according to literature data.

Recent field data have shown that the occupant protection in vehicle rear seats failed to keep pace with advances in the front seats likely due to the lack of advanced safety technologies. The objective of this study was to optimize advanced restraint systems for protecting rear seat occupants with a range of body sizes under different frontal crash pulses. Three series of sled tests (baseline tests, advanced restraint trial tests, and final tests), MADYMO model validations against a subset of the sled tests, and design optimizations using the validated models were conducted to investigate rear seat occupant protection with 4 Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) and 2 crash pulses.

Dynamic impact test represent various automotive collision conditions. The impact testing recommended practice is intended to recognize the capabilities of autonomous vehicles while at the same time recognizing the vehicle fleet into which they are introduced will consist of non-autonomous vehicles for a considerable period of time. The scope of the document is to cover the range of impact conditions expected taking into account the capabilities of the vehicle and the impact testing technology now available for performance evaluation including virtual and physical testing.

This document describes a method for measuring deformations, and fragment distribution patterns during an impact between a soft or frangible projectile and a regular helispherical leading edge. The document describes the hardware, setup, and instrumentation required. In this test method a soft body projectile impacts a helispherical leading edge symmetric to the curvature and centric in the transversal direction. The ductile target is backup by a rigid adapter structure behind. The target must be sufficiently large so that the projectile flows around its curvature and induces an indentation. This test is intended for measuring the remaining plastic deformation of the target after the impact. The projectile breakup pattern data may also be captured during this test. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are considered separate standards. The values stated in each system may not be exactly equivalent; therefore, each system must be considered as independent.

This document describes a method for measuring deformations from a normal impact between a soft or frangible projectile and clamped plate. The document describes the hardware, setup, and instrumentation required. In this test method a soft body projectile impacts a square ductile plate clamped on all four sides. This test is intended for measuring the remaining plastic deformation of the target after the impact.The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are considered separate standards. The values stated in each system may not be exactly equivalent; therefore, each system must be considered as independent. This standard does not address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of each user of this standard to ensure that any safety issues are properly addressed.

This document defines the Level 1 tests required for qualifying an artificial bird for certification testing of aircraft and aircraft engines. Level 1 refers to the lowest level of the test pyramid associated with the building block approach defined in the CMH-17 Composite Materials Handbook. The test pyramid consists of a sequence of 5 levels of testing, ranging from the most basic at the lowest level of the pyramid to the most complex at the apex. Typically the number of tests performed has an inverse relationship to the complexity of the tests. The building block approach is used for defining the tests required to qualify an artificial bird that would be accepted by regulatory agencies for certification testing of aircraft, including rotorcraft, fixed wing fuselages and engines, where bird strike testing is currently required. This document only describes the tests required for Level 1 of the test pyramid. Separate documents define the tests required at higher levels.

For over 30 years, field research and laboratory testing has consistently demonstrated that proper utilization of a seat belt dramatically reduces the risk of occupant death or serious injury in motor vehicle crashes. The injury prevention benefits of seat belts require that they remain fastened during collisions. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and SAE Recommended Practices set forth seat belt requirements to ensure proper buckle performance in accident conditions. Numerous analytical and laboratory studies have investigated buckle inertial release properties. Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that current buckle designs have inertial release thresholds well above those believed to occur in real-world crashes. Nevertheless, inertial release theories persist. Various conceptual amplification theories, coupled with high magnitude accelerations measured on vehicle frame components are used as support for these release theories.

This document provides recommended practices for impact testing of ground vehicle that are also aero-capable. The scope characterizes recommended impact testing taking into account the unique design characteristics involved in aero-capable ground vehicle

A generalized MADYMO minor rear crash vehicle model with BioRIDII ATD was developed and validated using the mean response of previously published 12 km/h delta-V rear crash tests. BioRIDII simulation pelvis, thorax and head x-axis accelerations, as well as head y-axis angular acceleration, fell within corridors defining +/- one standard deviation of the mean BioRIDII crash test responses. Peak sagittal plane BioRIDII upper neck forces and moments in the simulation were on par with the mean values observed from the crash tests. After the model was validated for 12 km/h delta-V, the model was further exercised by performing simulations with (1) a Hybrid III 50th percentile occupant and (2) by reducing the pulse by 40% of its original value. Results indicate that this generalized minor rear crash model could be useful in accurately estimating occupant kinematics and kinetics in minor crashes up to at least 12 km/h delta-V as an alternative to expensive and time consuming crash testing.

Dynamic and quasi-static axial cutting of circular AA6061-T6 extrusions with variable instantaneous wall thickness in the axial direction was completed to investigate the capability of controlling the load/displacement responses of the extrusions. Circular specimens considered for this research had an original nominal wall thickness of 3.175 mm, an external diameter of 50.8 mm, and a tube length of 300 mm. Variations of the wall thickness were completed by material removal of the extrusions using a CNC machine. Specially designed cutters having a block height of 20 mm, a blade tip width of 1.0 mm and a blade shoulder width of 3.0 mm were employed to generate the axial cutting deformation mode. Either one or two cutters were selected to initiate a single or dual cutting deformation. A curved deflector with a profile radius of 50.8 mm was used to flare the cut petalled sidewalk and facilitate the cutting system.

Accident data show that the head and the chest are the most frequently injured body regions in side impact fatal accidents. Curtain side air bag (CSA) and thorax side air bag (SAB) have been installed by manufacturers for the protection devices for these injuries. In this research, first we studied the recent side impact accident data in Japan and verified that the head and chest continued to be the most frequently injured body regions in fatal accidents. Second, we studied the occupant seating postures in vehicles on the roads, and found from the vehicle's side view that the head location of 56% of the drivers was in line or overlapped with the vehicle's B-pillar. This observation suggests that in side collisions head injuries may occur frequently due to contacts with the B-pillar. Third, we conducted a side impact test series for struck vehicles with and without CSA and SAB.

Accident statistics shows pedestrian accident fatalities as one of the important concerns globally. In view of this, new test protocols for pedestrian safety have been drafted in regulation as well as in consumer group. Also as per new ENCAP requirements, pedestrian safety assessment is used as one of the four assessment criteria's (Adult protection, child safety, pedestrian safety, safety assist) in deciding the overall vehicle safety. Hence today importance of pedestrian safety is perceived as never before in vehicle development program. Basically pedestrian safety evaluation involves subsystem level (head form, upper leg form and lower leg form) impact tests representing human body parts, at specific region on test vehicle with injury limits to decide the severity of impact. In general these injuries are governed by vehicle styling, vehicle stiffness, hard points clearances from vehicle exterior like bonnet, bumper etc.

A method for identification of object impact location and bumper stiffness curve is presented in this paper. The method calculates an offset distance of object impact based on intrusions obtained from three accelerometers mounted in the bumper fascia. The method also evaluates a center strength based on an absolute sum of acceleration. A characteristic line has been introduced in a two-dimensional domain consisting of intrusion-based offset and center strength. When test data are projected onto the characteristic line, an improved object impact location can be achieved. An intrusion curve over offset distance is obtained for impact tests striking at different locations with the same object and same speed. Then, a bumper stiffness curve can be identified by taking a reciprocal of the intrusion curve. This study shows a bumper stiffness curve can be used for an impact object classification for the pedestrian protection system.

High-intensity discharge (HID) headlamps are increasingly being employed in place of incandescent headlamps for automotive forward light systems. While the post-impact analysis of incandescent bulbs and filaments to determine the power state at impact is a mature field, there is little information currently available in the literature that can be used to determine if an HID headlamp was powered at the time of impact. HID headlamps differ significantly both in architecture and operation compared to incandescent headlamps; the light is produced by passing electrical current through a gas and generating a luminous arc, rather than by resistive heating of an incandescent filament. Though the filament examination techniques often used by accident investigators cannot be directly applied to HID lamps, the unique features of these lamps provide opportunities for new methods. This paper presents the results of stationary impact tests performed on a representative HID lamp.

EuroSID-2 and EuroSID-2re are among the most frequently used side impact dummies in vehicle crash safety. Radioss is one of most widely applied finite element codes for crash safety analysis. To meet the needs of crash safety analysis and to exploit the potential of the Radioss code, a new generation of EuroSID-2 (ES2) and EuroSID-2re (ES2_RE) Radioss dummies was developed at First Technology Safety System (FTSS) in collaboration with Altair. This paper describes in detail the development of the ES2/ES2_RE dummies. Firstly whole dummy meshes were created based on CAD data and intensive efforts were made to obtain penetration/intersection-free models. Secondly FTSS finite element certificate tests at component level were conducted to obtain satisfactory component performances. These tests include the head drop test, the neck pendulum test, the lumbar pendulum test and the thorax drop test [ 1 , 2 ].

Far-side occupants are not addressed in current government regulations around the world even though they account for up to 40% of occupant HARM in side impact crashes. Consequently, there are very few crash tests with far-side dummies available to researchers. Sled tests are frequently used to replicate the dynamic conditions of a full-scale crash test in a controlled setting. However, in far-side crashes the complexity of the occupant kinematics is increased by the longer duration of the motion and by the increased rotation of the vehicle. The successful duplication of occupant motion in these crashes confirms that a sled test is an effective, cost-efficient means of testing and developing far-side occupant restraints or injury countermeasures.