This document outlines historical systems which have used the landing gear as a sensor or installation point for full aircraft weight and balance systems. A number of systems have been developed, installed, certified, and placed in service but few systems remain in regular use. The document will capture the history of these systems, reasons (where known) for their withdrawal from service, and lessons learned.
This report will document Runway Condition Monitoring systems that provide information intended to reduce or eliminate aircraft runway excursions or overruns that may occur as a result of poor runway conditions.
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommended methods for measuring performance of skid control systems. It includes test items and equipment.
The static mechanical stiffness properties of aircraft tires are fundamental to any computation of wheel and landing gear shimmy characteristics, and are important guides in anti-skid system and aircraft wheel design. While the mechanical stiffness properties of aircraft tires are frequency sensitive, the static or low frequency values are important because they are the ones most easily obtained by laboratory testing and are most commonly found in literature. The following recommended methods for measurement of such properties are believed to represent practices which will give reliable and repeatable measurements, either at one facility or among different facilities, using equipment which is commonly available in most tire testing installations.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information on landing gear operation in cold temperature environments. It covers all operational aspects during ground handling, takeoff, and landing. It includes effects on tires, brakes, shock struts, seals, and actuators.
Consideration for the damaging effects to aircraft from the failure of wheels and tires should be evaluated. This document discusses the types of problems in-service aircraft have experienced and methodology in place to assist the designers when evaluating threats for new aircraft design. The purpose of this document is to provide a history of in-service problems, provide a historical summary of the design improvements made to wheels and tires during the past 40 years, and to offer methodology which has been used to help designers assess the threat to ensure the functionality of systems and equipment located in and around the landing gear and in wheel wells.
This document categorizes the different types of storage requirements, either on the aircraft or new unused or overhauled on the shelf, for aircraft landing gears/components. Recommendations and examples of proper landing gear storage are outlined. Reclamation recommendations are provided for aircraft landing gear returning from long-term storage.
This document discusses the work done by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Waterways Experiment Station (WES) in support of SAE A-5 Committee activity on Aerospace Landing Gear Systems. It is an example of how seemingly unrelated disciplines can be combined effectively for the eventual benefit of the overall aircraft system, where that system includes the total airfield environment in which the aircraft must operate. In summary, this AIR documents the history of aircraft flotation analysis as it involves WES and the SAE.
This document discusses the work done by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Waterways Experiment Station (WES) in support of SAE A-5 Committee activity on Aerospace Landing Gear Systems. It is an example of how seemingly unrelated disciplines can be combined effectively for the eventual benefit of the overall aircraft system, where that system includes the total airfield environment in which the aircraft must operate. In summary, this AIR documents the history of aircraft flotation analysis as it involves WES and the SAE.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) includes recommended ground flotation analysis methods for both paved and unpaved airfields with application to both commercial and military aircraft.
This document is divided into five parts. The first part deals with flotation analysis features and definitions to acquaint the engineer with elements common to the various methods and the meanings of the terms used. The second part identifies and describes the various methods used. To accomplish the minimum intent of this document, techniques could be limited to those needed for flotation analysis only; however, because of the close relation between flotation analysis and runway design, methods for the latter are also included. In fact, runway design criteria are used for flotation and evaluation in some cases, and are periodically the governing procedure in specific, if isolated, instances. From time to time, it may be necessary to deal with runways built to obsolete criteria. Therefore, a listing of most of these constitutes the third part.
The substance of this report is divided into five parts. The first part deals with flotation analysis features and definitions to acquaint the engineer with elements common to the various methods and the meanings of the terms used. The second part identifies and describes the various methods used. To accomplish the minimum intent of this report, techniques could be limited to those needed for flotation analysis only. Because of the close relation between flotation analysis and runway design, methods for the latter are included. In fact, runway design criteria are used for flotation and evaluation in some cases, and are periodically the governing procedure in specific, if isolated, instances. From time to time, it may be necessary to deal with runways built to obsolete criteria. Therefore, a listing of most of these constitutes the third part.