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Today's engine and combustion process development is closely related to the port layout. Combustion and emission performance are coupled to the intensity of turbulence, the quality of mixture formation or the distribution of residual gas - consequently depending on in-cylinder charge motion, which is mainly determined by the port and cylinder head design. Additionally, an increasing level of volumetric efficiency is demanded for a high power output. It is between these two mostly opposing aims that an optimized trade-off must be found. Traditionally, an experimental investigation carried out on flow test benches defines the port layout. The results of these investigations are global flow parameters, describing flow coefficient and swirl and tumble intensity. The ongoing progress for the development of CAE tools has led to the creation of new methodologies. CFD calculations provide insight into the details of port and in-cylinder flow, thus enabling efficient optimization.

To further reduce the Corporate Average Fuel Economy in order to meet the ACEA target values agreed upon, more intense efforts are required in the areas of engine and drive train development by 2008 or 2012. Boosted gasoline engines with a high specific output or torque have to be considered the tools that lead to this goal, while combining driving pleasure and consumption reduction in an ideal way. FEV has thoroughly analyzed this kind of concept and analyzed the fundamental synergy effects resulting from the additional combination of supercharging with direct injection in close detail.