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This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers high strength thin wall (commercial) sockets, universal sockets, box wrenches and torque adaptors which possess the strength, clearances, and internal wrenching design so configured that, when mated with 12-point fasteners conforming to the requirement of AS870, they shall transmit torque to the fastener without bearing on the outer 5% of the fastener's wrenching points. Inclusion of dimensional data in this document is not intended to imply that all of the products described herein are stock production sizes. Consumers are requested to consult with manufacturers concerning lists of stock production sizes. The dimensional limits of box and combination wrench lengths have been established to provide configuration control for tool storage applications.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers high strength thin wall commercial sockets, flexible sockets, box wrenches and torque adaptors which possess the strength, clearances, and internal wrenching design so configured that, when mated with 12-point fasteners conforming to the requirement of AS 870, they shall transmit torque to the fastener without bearing on the outer 5% of the fastener's wrenching points.

Through microscopic visualization experiments, a process generally known as depth filtration was shown to be caused by surface pores. Moreover, the existence of a soot cake layer was an important advantage for filtration performance because it could trap most of the particulates. We proposed an ideal diesel particulate filter (DPF), in which a silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticle membrane (made from a mixture of 80 nm and 500 nm powders) instead of a soot cake was sintered on the DPF wall surface; this improved the filtration performance at the beginning of the trapping process and reduced energy consumption during the regeneration process. The proposed filter was called a diesel particulate membrane filter (DPMF). A diesel fuel lamp was used in the trapping process to verify the trapping and oxidation mechanisms of ultrafine particulate matter. Thus, the filtration performance of the membrane filters was shown to be better than that of conventional DPFs.

The development of exhaust nozzles and their application in operational military aircraft are discussed. Prime consideration is given to installation factors such as engine bay and nozzle cooling, inlet-engine flow matching, and aerodynamic effects on external afterbody drag. Examples of various operational exhaust systems are given which show how the aircraft-exhaust nozzle characteristics are integrated to achieve maximum system compatibility and performance. Results from one flight test program are presented which show how an aircraft-exhaust nozzle system was integrated to achieve maximum installed performance.

This ARP provides detailed information, guidance, and methods in support of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular (AC) 20-136. AC 20-136 provides a means, but not the only means, for demonstrating compliance with Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 23.1306 (Amendment 23-61), 23.2515 (Amendment 23-64), 25.1316, 27.1316, and 29.1316. It is also intended for this ARP to provide the same information, guidance, and methods, to the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) certification specifications CS 23.1306 (Amendment 23/4), 23.2515 (Amendment 23/5), 25.1316, 27.1316, and 29.1316, and associated Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) 20-136.

This user's manual provides additional information and references relevant to identifying: (1) acceptance criteria for the indirect effects of lightning compliance approaches, (2) verification (analysis and test) methods including those associated with multiple stroke and multiple burst and (3) recommended design options to optimize needed system immunity to lightning indirect effects. Equipment hazards addressed include those due to the indirect effects on equipment mounted on the aircraft exterior and equipment located within the aircraft interior as well as all associated interconnecting wiring. This document has specific application toward those topics and subsystems addressed in ARP5413 but also provides additional guidelines in the application of those tests identified in DO-160/ED-14, Section 22.

This user's manual provides additional information and references relevant to identifying: (1) acceptance criteria for the indirect effects of lightning compliance approaches, (2) verification (analysis and test) methods including those associated with multiple stroke and multiple burst and (3) recommended design options to optimize needed system immunity to lightning indirect effects. Equipment hazards addressed include those due to the indirect effects on equipment mounted on the aircraft exterior and equipment located within the aircraft interior as well as all associated interconnecting wiring. This document has specific application toward those topics and subsystems addressed in ARP5413 but also provides additional guidelines in the application of those tests identified in DO-160/ED-14, Section 22.

This ARP provides detailed information, guidance, and methods in support of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular (AC) 20-136. AC 20-136 provides a means, but not the only means, for demonstrating compliance with Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 23.1306 (Amendment 23-61), 23.2515 (Amendment 23-64), 25.1316, 27.1316, and 29.1316. It is also intended for this ARP to provide the same information, guidance, and methods, to the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) certification specifications CS 23.1306 (Amendment 23/4), 23.2515 (Amendment 23/5), 25.1316, 27.1316, and 29.1316, and associated Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) 20-136.

This document collates the ways and means that existing sensors can identify the platform’s exposure to volcanic ash. The capabilities include real-time detection and estimation, and post flight determinations of exposure and intensity. The document includes results of initiatives with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Transport Canada, various research organizations, Industry and other subject matter experts. The document illustrates the ways that an aircraft can use existing sensors to act as health monitoring tools so as to assess the operational and maintenance effects related to volcanic ash incidents and possibly help determine what remedial action to take after encountering a volcanic ash (VA) event.

Urea-SCR systems have become one effective method for meeting the ever tightening NOx emission control regulations for diesel engines. Higher activity of SCR catalysts in the low temperature region is crucial for meeting emission regulations and improving fuel economy. Some of the new catalytic components in the literature have shown good low temperature SCR activity, but they have not been fully confirmed to be durable enough for mobile applications. Fe-zeolite has been widely used in mobile applications due to its wide operating temperature window, but after exposure to large amounts of HCs at low temperatures, it is easily deactivated. We developed new SCR catalysts with improved low temperature activity and improved durability against HC fouling and thermal sintering by combining OSC (oxygen storage component) with Fe-zeolite.

This recommended practice covers a stand that may be used for assembly, disassembly, and maintenance. The stand incorporates the following design criteria: complete interchangeability of any and all components, collapsible frame construction, envelope dimensions (marked with an asterisk on the attached drawings), attachment pad configuration, and gearbox and caster specifications.

This recommended practice covers a stand that may be used for assembly, disassembly, and maintenance. The stand incorporates the following design criteria: complete interchangeability of any and all components, collapsible frame construction, envelope dimensions (marked with an asterisk on the attached drawings), attachment pad configuration, and gearbox and caster specifications.

This specification covers anti-friction bearing universal joints for intermittent and continuous operation suitable for use in military applications.

This recommended practice covers a stand that may be used for assembly, disassembly, and maintenance. The stand incorporates the following design criteria: complete interchangeability of any and all components, collapsible frame construction, envelope dimensions (marked with an asterik on the attached drawings), attachment pad configuration, and gearbox and caster specifications.

Many diesel engines have to work at load profiles which, due to the low exhaust gas temperatures, necessitate active regeneration procedures to ensure continued engine operation and the reliability of the particulate filter. An active regeneration may be initiated via inner engine measures such as late injection. However, due to high maintenance interval and run time requirements for non-road applications the combustion of soot accumulated in the diesel particulate filter (DPF) often is realized via downstream processes. Known methods for this purpose are burner systems, systems based on downstream hydrocarbon injection (HCI) and subsequent hydrocarbon (HC)-conversion due to a catalyst or a combination of both. This paper describes an autarkic system using two-stage electro-thermal-supported hydrocarbon conversion. This system is capable to regenerate a DPF within the entire engine operating range and it is less complex than flame burner systems.

This paper describes a recommended practice and procedure for the correlation of test cells that are used for the performance testing of turboprop and turboshaft engines. This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) shall apply to both dynamometer and propeller based testing. Test cell correlation is performed to determine the effect of any given test cell enclosure and equipment on the performance of an engine relative to the baseline performance of that engine.

This paper describes a recommended practice and procedure for the correlation of test cells that are used for the performance testing of turboprop and turboshaft engines. This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) shall apply to both dynamometer and propeller based testing. Test cell correlation is performed to determine the effect of any given test cell enclosure and equipment on the performance of an engine relative to the baseline performance of that engine. Although no original equipment manufacturer (OEM) documents are actually referenced, the experience and knowledge of several OEMs contributed to the development of this document. Each engine manufacturer has their own practices relating to correlation and they will be used by those OEMS for the purpose of establishing certified test facilities.