Search Results

The Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and the Electrical Low-Pressure Impactor (ELPI) are frequently used to measure the number and size of combustion aerosols. The instruments are especially popular in the field of engine technology, where the emission of “particulate matter” is restricted by legislation. During the experiment with a “standard” ELPI it is observed that initially the number of small particles decreases rapidly, while simultaneously the number of larger particles increases. This non-ideal behavior of the ELPI can be overcome by the usage of oil-soaked sintered impactor stages. The interpretation of the results as measured by SMPS and ELPI is not straightforward due to the fractal character of the diesel soot agglomerates. The theory of fractal-like agglomerates is used to assess the performance of the ELPI and the SMPS for the measurement of diesel soot particles and is validated visually with electron microscopy (SEM).

The article deals with the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the technological vehicle during its work on various types of fuel. The purpose of the work is to choose a rational type of fuel or an energy source for vehicles according to one general criterion. The feature of the proposed methodology is that the indicators of fuel and engine are estimated by the criterion of adaptability of technique to a particular type of fuel. A new approach to environmental safety assessment of technological vehicles while working on different fuels by environmental criterion taking into account the amount of emissions of harmful substances, their maximum permissible concentrations and hazard class. The economic efficiency in the operation of vehicles on alternative fuels is estimated by the criterion of economic efficiency.

HEREIN is described a time-stretching or slow-motion camera that makes exposures at a normal rate for this camera of 3200 per sec. When these are projected on the screen at the standard rate of 16 per sec., the action is 1/200 of the speed of the original movement of the subject. The film passes through the camera at the incredible speed of 200 ft. per sec., yet the pictures are asserted to have real photographic qualities, with halftone values like other motion pictures, and not to be “jumpy” when projected. These results are obtained by unique construction whereby the film is moved continuously by an electric motor while the exposures are made through a series of 48 matched lenses mounted in a rotary disc that passes them before a fixed shutter. Despite the speed of operation, the duration of exposure of each picture or frame is more than 25 times that possible with an intermittent-film camera.

The Chrysler 3/8-scale model automotive wind tunnel is a pilot facility for a planned full-size tunnel of the same design. The 3/8-scale tunnel, which has a complete compliment of instrumentation including a pressure system and high-precision balance, will also be used for 3/8 model aerodynamic development testing of vehicles after piloting is complete. The tunnel is convertible from a slotted-wall test section to a semi-open jet test section. Commissioning, calibration, and piloting results show the performance of some features being piloted including slotted-wall effectiveness, open jet collector performance, and tunnel background noise levels. Calibration results include static and dynamic pressure distributions.

A new kind of four-speed automatic transaxle, engineered from concept specifically for real-time closed-loop electronic control, has been designed, developed, and put into production by Chrysler Motors Corporation. This overdrive transaxle combines two simple planetary gear sets with five disc-clutches, five hydraulic spool valves, and four direct-acting three-way solenoid valves to achieve all operating modes. It uses no bands and only the torque converter stator has a freewheel element. It provides both a fourth ratio and increased engine torque capacity in the same package space used by the previous three-speed transaxle. At the same time, fewer parts are required and manufacturing is more readily automated.

For the 1970 model passenger cars and light trucks, the Federal and California exhaust emission standards were reduced to 2.2 grams per mile hydrocarbon and 23 grams per mile carbon monoxide. This represents a reduction of approximately 33%. This paper presents the development of the significant features of the Chrysler Cleaner Air System of exhaust emission control for 1970. Included in this development are modifications in the engine, carburetor, ignition system, and other related components. Through these modifications and by optimizing the calibration of the engine operating parameters, the new exhaust emission standards were successfully met.

The Chrysler Corp. turbine car heater features an “instant heat” gas-to-air heat exchanger in which fresh air is heated by hot gases from the turbine instead of by hot water. The “weather jet” forced air heating and ventilating system, utilizing an axial blower, is another feature of the turbine comfort conditioning system. This paper describes the design of the heat exchanger, hot gas heater temperature control valve, and pressure heating and ventilating controls.

Chrysler Corporation's Kokomo Casting Plant has just started volume production of the 225 CID (3.7L) 6-cylinder intake manifold as a die cast and welded assembly. The development of the die castings and welding of the 380 aluminum is discussed. The production welder and processing is also described.

The Chrysler Long Life Battery Concept Paper covers the establishing of the causes for batteries being removed from service, the determination of the cause for removal and the design changes in the battery and its electrical and thermal environment to create the Long Life Battery Concept. The test shows the importance of controlling the vehicle environment as well as the battery construction in accomplishing the goal.

In the continuing search for reduced exhaust emissions from automotive engines, tighter controls on production carburetor fuel-air ratio delivery became necessary. Idle fuel and airflow measurement assumed major importance due to the influence of idle set points on exhaust emissions and on the part throttle flow curve of the carburetor. This paper details the development of idle fuel and airflow measurement transfer systems to correlate data between test stations, including the use of carburetors locked in the idle position. Matched sets of sonic flow nozzles are currently in use at each test location as a basis for defining carburetor idle airflow. Fuel flow, using a test fluid developed specifically for this application, is defined by a simple, accurate weight time calibrator. The current system requires only the transmittal of data between test locations and is now entering its second year of production application.

THE design and construction of the PowerFlite automatic transmission are described by the authors. It is of the torque converter type, some models being water-cooled, while others are direct air cooled. Details of the hydraulic controls are explained, including the one-piece shift valve and the shuttle valve for controlling closed-throttle shifts. It is claimed that this transmission has relative simplicity, light weight, and smoothness of operation.

Increasing demands on automatic transmissions due to performance considerations, higher speed driving (1)*, heavier duty operation (that is, trailer towing) (2), and extended warranty life, have placed new and more stringent requirements on the transmission and fluid. The areas of increased fluid stress are oxidation stability due to higher operating temperatures, and shear stability because of higher shear rates. In meeting these needs, a transmission fluid has been developed which satisfies the specific requirements of the TorqueFlite transmisssion, as well as providing improvement in low-temperature engine starting performance.

Formula One motorsport competition, ever seeking increases in powertrain responsiveness and efficiency, has utilized electronically-shifted manual transmissions for nearly a decade. With the advent of this technology for passenger car usage ( for example the Magneti Marelli “Selespeed” system), new levels of powertrain electronic control become possible. At the same time, world-wide emission and fuel economy standards have driven powertrain designers to seek transmissions that are multi-faceted; able to offer manual transmission levels of driveline efficiency while simultaneously offering the ability to be automatically controlled. This paper will document a 1995-1996 Chrysler advanced powertrain concept study that culminated in a fully driveable, fully automatic, manual 5 speed transmission Neon coupe.

The paper outlines testing, development, and operation of the first production four-wheel slip control system for passenger cars in the United States. The Chrysler Corp. calls the system “Sure-Brake,” but it is more generally known as “anti-skid.” The first portion of the paper deals with considerations that led Chrysler into the Sure-Brake system, the philosophy behind the system, and a detailed explanation of its operation. The second portion deals with the development and testing of the system, leading to its release as an option on the 1971 Imperial. The testing program introduced a new dimension to brake engineering. Before the advent of wheel slip control systems, many thousands of brake tests were conducted but were always terminated at the point of skid. These tests were also conducted mainly on black top or concrete roads. For the first time, thousands of stops were made at maximum deceleration on every available surface.

During the 1993 Formula One season, the 3.5L Chrysler/Lamborghini V12 engine reached a performance level that was considered by some to be the second best engine in the sport. As the most technologically advanced naturally aspirated racing engine, the Formula 1 engine is typified by a very high power ratio (>200 BHP/litre), as well as a very wide dynamic operating range (2500-15,000 RPM). In addition, the engine must exhibit exceptional responsiveness to driver input or “driveability”. Finally, the engine must be both fuel efficient (as fuel capacity was limited by design) and durable over the qualifying/race distance. This paper will document the final year in competition for the Chrysler/Lamborghini F1 engine; focusing on both the collaboration between the Chrysler Technical Center (CTC) and Lamborghini Engineering SpA in Modena, Italy and the implementation of OEM passenger car engine control techniques to the world of F1 racing engines.

In this paper the Churchill Falls power development is briefly described. However, particular emphasis is placed on construction management and the types of heavy construction equipment required. The scope of each of the four major divisions into which construction at the project has been divided, i.e. storage, power, transmission and support facilities, is outlined. The basic performance data of the equipment used in each facility are listed.

Operation’s principle of the proposed circulation hydraulic contour (CHC) is based on using Meissner’s effect for moving of ferromagnetic suspension (FMS) or «superconductivity suspension» (SCS) in a circular pipe line. The paper considereds some schemes of the proposed CHC and the possibilities to use theirs for a systems of cooling and a systems of electrical current generation are discussed.

ASTM D 892 ‘Standard Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils is commonly used for evaluating the foaming characteristics of lubricating oils. However, the ASTM test method does not always reproduce the same foaming characteristics of ATF in an actual automatic transmission. A new laboratory test method of foaming characteristics of lubricants has been developed to simulate the foaming characteristics of ATF in the automatic transmission, and it has been named “The Circulation Type Foaming Test Method”. This test method has a high correlation with the foaming characteristics of ATF in the automatic transmission and sufficient repeatability as a test method. Furthermore, a small quantity of sample, short testing time and automated control are key characteristics. In this paper, the development procedure of this test method and each factor relating to the foaming characteristics is reported, such as sample volume, nozzle diameter and height, and impingement time.