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This document is intended to serve as suitable guidance for propulsion system manufacturers and applicants for propulsion system type certification. It is also intended to provide guidance for subsequent propulsion system integration into aircraft systems for aircraft certification and operational use. ...The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to provide guidance for aircraft engine and propeller systems (hereafter referred to as propulsion systems) certification for cybersecurity. Compliance for cybersecurity requires that the engine control, propeller control, monitoring system, and all auxiliary equipment systems and networks associated with the propulsion system (such as nacelle systems, overspeed governors, and thrust reversers) be protected from intentional unauthorized electronic interactions (IUEI) that may result in an adverse effect on the safety of the propulsion system or the airplane. ...Compliance for cybersecurity requires that the engine control, propeller control, monitoring system, and all auxiliary equipment systems and networks associated with the propulsion system (such as nacelle systems, overspeed governors, and thrust reversers) be protected from intentional unauthorized electronic interactions (IUEI) that may result in an adverse effect on the safety of the propulsion system or the airplane.

This document applies to prognostics of aerospace propulsion systems. Its purpose is to define the meaning of prognostics in this context, explain their potential and limitations, and to provide guidelines for potential approaches for use in existing condition monitoring environments.

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides classical propulsion system performance parameter names for aircraft propulsion systems and their derivatives, and describes the logical framework by which new names can be constructed.

While providing these example architectures, this document will develop common definitions for the elements of the architectures by defining: 1 The elements of electrified propulsion architectures, including any dedicated power generation and distribution systems as well as energy storage elements. 2 The interfaces to/from the electrified propulsion system. 3 The interfaces within the electrified propulsion system. 4 Electrical energy management and storage architecture of an electrified propulsion system. ...The application of electric power for aircraft propulsion can take a variety of forms, ranging from partial electric to full electric. The introduction of electric engines to drive propulsors, along with the variety of available methods to generate electricity and store energy offers great degree of new design freedom for next-generation aircraft and aircraft architectures. ...This newfound design freedom exposes a need within the aviation industry to establish a common design language for electrified propulsion. While this need for a common design language is recognized, the intent of this document is to encourage innovation, providing reference architectures as a launching point for future work in this area.

Create and publish a list of terms relevant to electrified propulsion aircraft with summary text descriptions. The terms and descriptions will not provide full explanations, diagrams, and other detailed technical descriptions. ...This document defines the relevant terms and abbreviations related to the design, development, and use of electrified propulsion in aircraft. This definition is provided to enable a consistent use of technical language throughout the standards developed by the E-40 committee.

This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) presents metrics for assessing the performance of diagnostic and prognostic algorithms and systems delivering propulsion health management functions.

Aviation propulsion development continues to rely upon fossil fuels for the vast majority of commercial and military applications. ...With those challenges in mind, research and development of more efficient and electric propulsion systems will expand. Fuel-cell technology is but one example that addresses such emission and resource challenges, and others, including negligible acoustic emissions and the potential to leverage current infrastructure models. ...Requirements for greater flight time, stealth characteristics, and thrust-to-power ratios adds urgency to the development of efficient propulsion methods for applications such as UAVs, which looks to technologies such as asymmetrical capacitors to enhance electric propulsion efficiency.

The paper gives an overview of the propulsion content of the programs at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, as offered to students in both Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.

The C-5A propulsion system installation is described and discussed. Induction system, exhaust system, and thrust reverser configurations define the general nacelle concepts.

Measurements of the gas state properties in hypersonic propulsion system research present unique problems demanding unconventional diagnostic measurement system design solutions.

To achieve this goal, NASA has analyzed a hybrid body wing aircraft with a turboelectric distributed propulsion system. The propulsion system must be designed to operate at the highest possible efficiency in order to meet the reduced fuel burn goal. ...High density components are required to minimize the weight of the electric propulsion system while meeting the high power demand. Minimizing the electric propulsion system weight helps to reduce the amount of fuel required for propulsion. ...NASA's N3-X aircraft design under the Research and Technology for Aerospace Propulsion Systems (RTAPS) study is being designed to meet the N+3 goals, one of which is the reduction of aircraft fuel burn by 70% or better.

A landmark study of Synerjet propulsion for fully-reusable Earth/orbit transport missions was conducted for NASA in 1965-67 by a study team of Marquardt, Rocketdyne, and Lockheed (the present author led this effort). ...Synerjet propulsion systems are fully integrated aerospace vehicle power-plants, comprising both airbreathing and rocket hardware subsystems and technologies.

To present methods which, according to the consensus of the aviation propulsion community represented by SAE Committee E-34, allow the continued assessment of load carrying capacity of current chemistry products during periods of limited or nonavailability of previously used standardized methods.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews performance testing parameters for non-cleanable (often referred to as disposable) filter elements utilized in aircraft power and propulsion lubrication systems, including gas turbine engines and auxiliary power units (APUs), propulsion and transmission gear boxes, and constant speed drives and integrated drive generators (IDGs). ...This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) reviews performance testing parameters for non-cleanable (often referred to as disposable) filter elements utilized in aircraft power and propulsion lubrication systems, including gas turbine engines and auxiliary power units (APUs), propulsion and transmission gear boxes, and constant speed drives and integrated drive generators (IDGs).

SAE Aerospace Information Report AIR1871 provides valuable insight into lessons learned in the development, implementation, and operation of various health monitoring systems for propulsion engines and drive train systems. This document provides an overview of the lessons learned for ground-based systems, oil debris monitoring systems, lubrication systems, and Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS) for military and commercial programs. ...The lessons learned presented in this document represent a fragment of the knowledge gained through experience when developing and implementing a propulsion health management system. Previous versions of this document contain additional lessons learned during the 1980’s and 1990’s that may be of additional value to the reader.

Propulsion system hardware has steadily increased in complexity which has placed even greater demands on the propulsion control hardware. ...Propulsion system hardware has steadily increased in complexity which has placed even greater demands on the propulsion control hardware. With the engine and inlet operating at higher levels of performance, the need for improvements in control system technology has become more evident. ...In addition to increased sensing and computation, it is required that the various inlet and engine control functions be integrated to achieve maximum propulsion system stability and performance during all flight conditions. This paper describes a three year exploratory research program for the design, development, and flight evaluation of an Integrated Propulsion Control System (IPCS).

Apollo 17 ended the most successful application of rocket propulsion systems in man's history. A total of 23 developmental and manned operational flights were made. ...Over 6 h of manned rocket flights were logged by the spacecraft propulsion systems and approximately one million rocket engine firings were made. One engine failure was encountered on an early unmanned flight as a result of a failure in the guidance programmer which caused the engine to operate in a manner known to cause failures. ...This paper will present some highlights of Apollo propulsion performance and will provide a bibliography of all flight results.

Several advanced propulsion systems with many novel and unusual design features, and transport aircraft incorporating these systems, have been presented to the FAA for type certification. ...To accommodate the certification programs and to ensure that the airplanes and propulsion systems achieve the level of safety intended by the regulations, the FAA will promulgate special conditions covering the novel features which they have identified by meeting with industry and other airworthiness authorities.