Search Results

Book

An Introduction to Aircraft Thermal Management

2020-04-14

Aircraft Thermal Management (ATM)focuses on how to manage heat in an aircraft to meet the temperature requirements for passengers and vehicle. This primarily involves removing heat and protecting equipment, systems, and structure from heat sources that could raise their temperature beyond design limits. Crew and passengers must be neither too hot nor too cold during airplane operations. Thus, maintaining thermal comport is critically important, and not a trivial operation. Written by Mark F.

Book

Condition-Based Maintenance in Aviation: The History, The Business and The Technology

2018-12-11

Condition-Based Maintenance in Aviation: The History, The Business and The Technology describes the history and practice of Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) systems by showcasing ten technical papers from the archives of SAE International, stretching from the dawn of the jet age down to the present times. By scientifically understanding how different components degrade during operations, it is possible to schedule inspections, repairs, and overhauls at appropriate intervals so that any incipient failure can be detected well in advance. Today, this includes more sensors and analytics so that periodic inspections are replaced by automated "continuous" inspections, and analytical methods that detect imminent failures and predict degradation issues more economically and efficiently. Similar concepts are also being developed for delivering prognostics functions, such as tracking of remaining useful life (RUL) of life-limited parts in aircraft engines.

Book

Gas Turbine Blade Cooling

2018-12-10

Gas turbines play an extremely important role in fulfilling a variety of power needs and are mainly used for power generation and propulsion applications. The performance and efficiency of gas turbine engines are to a large extent dependent on turbine rotor inlet temperatures: typically, the hotter the better. In gas turbines, the combustion temperature and the fuel efficiency are limited by the heat transfer properties of the turbine blades. However, in pushing the limits of hot gas temperatures while preventing the melting of blade components in high-pressure turbines, the use of effective cooling technologies is critical. Increasing the turbine inlet temperature also increases heat transferred to the turbine blade, and it is possible that the operating temperature could reach far above permissible metal temperature. In such cases, insufficient cooling of turbine blades results in excessive thermal stress on the blades causing premature blade failure.

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The Use of Electric Batteries for Civil Aircraft Applications

2018-12-10

The Use of Electric Batteries for Civil Aircraft Applications is a comprehensive and focused collection of SAE International technical papers, covering both the past and the present of the efforts to develop batteries that can be specifically installed in commercial aircraft. Recently, major commercial aircraft manufacturers started investigating the possibility of using Li-Ion batteries at roughly the same time that the military launched their first applications. As industry events unfolded, the FAA and committees from RTCA and SAE continued efforts to create meaningful standards for the design, testing, and certification of Li-Ion battery systems for commercial aviation. The first document issued was RTCA DO-311 on Mar. 13, 2008. As the industry continues to develop concepts and designs for the safe utilization of the new Li-Ion battery systems, many are already working on designs for all-electric aircraft, and small two-seat training aircraft are currently flying.

Book

Diagnostics and Prognostics of Aerospace Engines

2018-11-28

The propulsion system is arguably the most critical part of the aircraft; it certainly is the single most expensive component of the vehicle. Ensuring that engines operate reliably without major maintenance issues is an important goal for all operators, military or commercial. Engine health management (EHM) is a critical piece of this puzzle and has been a part of the engine maintenance for more than five decades. In fact, systematic condition monitoring was introduced for engines before it was applied to other systems on the aircraft. Diagnostics and Prognostics of Aerospace Engines is a collection of technical papers from the archives of SAE International, which introduces the reader to a brief history of EHM, presents some examples of EHM functions, and outlines important future trends.

Book

Structural Health Monitoring: Current State and Future Trends

2018-11-20

Structural Health Management (SHM) is a key part of the Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) approach, whose main aim is to develop an integrated end-to-end system to monitor the overall health of a vehicle. Structural Health Monitoring: Current State and Future Trends, edited by Professor Alessandro Pegoretti, a scholar from the University of Trento in Italy, introduces the reader to recent developments involved in health monitoring of aerospace structures. The chapters, represented by seminal SAE International technical papers, offer an overview of the most recent advances in the sensing techniques for SHM, analysis of SHM data and its applications in aerospace. SHM can allow a continuous in-service inspection of the vehicle, thus reducing the cost associated with manual inspection at predetermined time intervals.

Book

Integrated Vehicle Health Management - System of Systems Integration

2017-07-24

Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) is the unified capability of a system of systems (SoS) to assess the current or future state of the member system health, and integrate it within a framework of available resources and operational demand. As systems complexities have increased, so have system support costs, driven by more frequent and often enigmatic subsystem failures. IVHM strategies can be used to mitigate these issues by taking a Systems of Systems view. Combined with advanced decision support methods, this approach can be used to more effectively predict, isolate, schedule, and repair failed subsystems, reducing platform support costs and minimizing platform down time. Integrated Vehicle Health Management- System of Systems Integration brings together ten seminal SAE technical papers addressing the challenges and solutions to maintaining highly complex vehicles.

Book

Advances in Electric Propulsion

2017-05-18

Aviation propulsion development continues to rely upon fossil fuels for the vast majority of commercial and military applications. Until these fuels are depleted or abandoned, burning them will continue to jeopardize air quality and provoke increased regulation. With those challenges in mind, research and development of more efficient and electric propulsion systems will expand. Fuel-cell technology is but one example that addresses such emission and resource challenges, and others, including negligible acoustic emissions and the potential to leverage current infrastructure models. For now, these technologies are consigned to smaller aircraft applications, but are expected to mature toward use in larger aircraft. Additionally, measures such as electric/conventional hybrid configurations will ultimately increase efficiencies and knowledge of electric systems while minimizing industrial costs.

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Successful Prediction of Product Performance

2016-09-12

The ability to successfully predict industrial product performance during service life provides benefits for producers and users. This book addresses methods to improve product quality, reliability, and durability during the product life cycle, along with methods to avoid costs that can negatively impact profitability plans. The methods presented can be applied to reducing risk in the research and design processes and integration with manufacturing methods to successfully predict product performance. This approach incorporates components that are based on simulations in the laboratory. The results are combined with in-field testing to determine degradation parameters. These approaches result in improvements to product quality, performance, safety, profitability, and customer satisfaction.

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Aircraft Thermal Management

2016-03-02

This set is comprised of two titles, Aircraft Thermal Management: Systems Architectures and Aircraft Thermal Management: Integrated Energy Systems Analysis both edited by Mark Ahlers.

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Aircraft Thermal Management: Systems Architectures

2016-03-02

Aircraft thermal management (ATM) is increasingly important to the design and operation of commercial and military aircraft due to rising heat loads from expanded electronic functionality, electric systems architectures, and the greater temperature sensitivity of composite materials compared to metallic structures. It also impacts engine fuel consumption associated with removing waste heat from an aircraft. More recently the advent of more electric architectures on aircraft, such as the Boeing 787, has led to increased interest in the development of more efficient ATM architectures by the commercial airplane manufacturers. The ten papers contained in this book describe aircraft thermal management system architectures designed to minimize airplane performance impacts which could be applied to commercial or military aircraft.

Book

Aircraft Thermal Management: Integrated Energy Systems Analysis

2016-03-02

The simultaneous operation of all systems generating, moving, or removing heat on an aircraft is simulated using integrated analysis which is called Integrated Energy System Analysis (IESA) for this book. Its purpose is to understand, optimize, and validate more efficient system architectures for removing or harvesting the increasing amounts of waste heat generated in commercial and military aircraft. In the commercial aircraft industry IESA is driven by the desire to minimize airplane operating costs associated with increased system weight, power consumption, drag, and lost revenue as cargo space is devoted to expanded cooling systems. In military aircraft thermal IESA is also considered to be a key enabler for the successful implementation of the next generation jet fighter weapons systems and countermeasures. This book contains a selection of papers relevant to aircraft thermal management IESA published by SAE International.

Book

Solar Energy Harvesting: How to Generate Thermal and Electric Power Simultaneously

2016-01-01

Solar Energy Harvesting: How to Generate Thermal and Electric Power Simultaneously describes energy harvesting using a hybrid concentrating photovoltaic (PV) system with simultaneous thermal generation for energy storage. Several designs have been proposed to build a system that takes advantage of the entire solar spectrum through direct electric generation using concentrated light onto photovoltaics while generating thermal energy using wavelengths of light not captured by the PV cell. This title addresses the current technologies and state-of-the-art designs, as well as the methodologies, underlying physics, and engineering implications.

Book

No Fault Found: The Search for the Root Cause

2015-09-03

Today, we are all strongly dependent on the correct functioning of technical systems. They fail, and we become vulnerable. Disruptions due to degradation or anomalous behavior can negatively impact safety, operations, and brand name, reducing the profitability of all elements of the value chain. This can be tolerated if the link between cause and effect is understood and remedied. Anomalous behavior, which indicates systems or subsystems not acting in accordance with design intent, is a much more serious problem. It includes unwanted system responses and faults whose root cause can’t be properly diagnosed, leading to costly, and sometimes unnecessary, component replacements. The title No Fault Found: The Search for the Root Cause was developed to propose solutions to this technical and business challenge, which has become less and less acceptable to the commercial aviation industry globally.

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Advances in Aircraft Landing Gear

2015-08-24

The aircraft landing gear system is relatively unique on board an aircraft—it is both structure and machine, supporting the aircraft on the ground, yet providing functions such as energy absorption during landing, retraction, steering, and braking. Advances in Aircraft Landing Gear is a collection of eleven hand-picked technical papers focusing on the significant advancements that have occurred in this field concerning numeric modeling, electric actuation, and composite materials. Additionally, papers discussing self-powered landing gear and more electrical overall aircraft architectures have been included. The content of Advances in Aircraft Landing Gear is divided into two sections: Analysis and Design Methods; and Electric Actuation, Control, and Taxi.

Book

Integrated Vehicle Health Management: Implementation and Lessons Learned

2014-11-10

Integrated Vehicle Health Management: Implementation and Lessons Learned is the fourth title in the IVHM series published by SAE International. This new book introduces a variety of case studies, lessons learned, and insights on what it really means to develop, implement, or manage an integrated system of systems. Integrated Vehicle Health Management: Implementation and Lessons Learned brings to the reader a wide set of hands-on stories, made possible by the contribution of twenty-three authors, who agreed to share their experience and wisdom on how new technologies are developed and put to work. This effort was again coordinated by Dr. Ian K. Jennions, Director of the IVHM Centre at Cranfield University (UK), and editor of the previous books in the series.

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Range Extenders for Electric Vehicles Land, Water & Air 2015-2025

2014-10-01

Half the electric vehicle market value lies in larger road vehicles, notably cars, and here the legal restrictions are weaker or non-existent, and range anxiety compels most people to buy hybrids if they go electric at all. Over eight million hybrid cars will be made in 2025, each with a range extender, the additional power source that distinguishes them from pure electric cars. Add to that significant money spent on the same devices in buses, military vehicles, boats and so on and a major new market emerges. Whereas today's range extenders usually consist of little more than off- the- shelf internal combustion engines, these are rapidly being replaced by second- generation range extenders consisting of piston engines designed from scratch for fairly constant load. However, a more radical departure is the third- generation micro turbines and fuel cells that work at constant load.

Book

IVHM / Integrated Vehicle Health Management 3-Book Set (1, 2 & 3)

2013-11-01

Although the concept of Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) can be complex in its implementation, it is essentially based upon a simple idea: the more you know about a particular machine’s ability to function, the quicker you can act to prevent malfunctioning. This rapidly developing area of engineering seeks to enable better management of both the vehicle and vehicle fleet health. Use of IVHM can improve vehicle reliability, safety, and reduce unnecessary, unscheduled maintenance through the use of diagnostic and prognosis systems that monitor data and overall vehicle health. From an initial idea by the SAE IVHM Steering Group, these books have been collaboratively written by experts from academia, research and industry, and represent the collective voice of the most qualified authorities in the field.

Book

Integrated Vehicle Health Management: Essential Reading

2013-09-25

Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) is a relatively new subject, with its roots back in the space sector of the early 1990s. Although many of the papers written around that time did not refer to it as IVHM, the fundamental principles of considering an integrated end-to-end system to monitor the overall health of the asset were clearly visible. As the subject of Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) and its associated technologies have grown up, businesses are making the transformation from selling a product to selling a service. This can be viewed as a positive disruption, as a relatively small technology breakthrough is being brought to market for a large business benefit. The sequence “sense—acquire—transfer—analyze—act “ feeds the information (processed data) on the asset’s health into the Operations or Management control center.

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Integrated Vehicle Health Management: The Technology

2013-09-05

The third volume in the Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) series focuses on the technology that actually supports the implementation of IVHM in real-life situations. Edited by Ian K. Jennions, Director of the IVHM Center at Cranfield University, UK, this book was written collaboratively by twenty-seven authors from industry, academia and governmental research agencies.