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The purpose of this four hour short course is to provide information to understand how is established the basic architecture of a Flight Control Actuation System of a transport airplane, i.e. understanding the rationale for the distribution of the control surfaces, power sources, actuators and computers.

Abstract Letter from the Guest Editors

After manufacture, every military vehicle experiences a unique history of dynamic loads, depending on loads carried, missions completed, etc. Damage accumulates in vehicle structures and components accordingly, leading eventually to failures that can be difficult to anticipate, and to unpredictable consequences for mission objectives. The advent of simulation-based fatigue life prediction tools opens a path to Digital Twin based solutions for tracking damage, and for gaining control over vehicle reliability. An incremental damage updating feature has now been implemented in the Endurica CL fatigue solver with the aim of supporting such applications for elastomer components. The incremental updating feature is demonstrated via the example of a simple transmission mount component. The damage state of the mount is computed as it progresses towards failure under a series of typical loading histories.

This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is prepared for stakeholders seeking information about the evolution, integration, and approval of SHM technologies for military aircraft systems. The report provides this information in the form of (a) two military organizations’ perspectives on requirements, and (b) general SHM challenges and industry perspectives. The report only provides information to generate awarness of prespectives for military aircraft and, hence, assists those who are involved in developing SHM systems understanding the broad range of regulations, requirements, and standards published by military organizations that are available in the public domain from the military organizations.

Abstract Fighter pilots must study models of aircraft dynamics before learning complex maneuvers and tactics. Similarly, autonomous fighter aircraft applications may benefit from a model-based learning approach. Instead of using a preexisting physics model of a given aircraft, a machine learning system can learn a predictive model of the aircraft physics from training data. Furthermore, it can model interactions between multiple friendly aircraft, enemy aircraft, and the environment. Such a system can also learn to represent state variables that are not directly observable, as well as dynamics that are not hard coded. Existing model-based methods use a deep neural network that takes observable state information and agent actions as input and provides predictions of future observations as output. The proposed method builds upon this approach by adding a residual feedforward skip connection from some of the inputs to all of the outputs of the deep neural network.

This interface standard applies to fuzes used in airborne weapons that use a 3-in fuze well. It defines: Physical envelope of the fuze well at the interface with the fuze. Load bearing surfaces of the fuze well. Physical envelope of the fuze and its connector. Mechanical features (e.g., clocking feature). Connector type, size, location and orientation. Retaining ring and its mechanical features (e.g., thread, tool interface). Physical envelope of the retaining ring at the interface with the fuze. Physical space available for installation tools. Torque that the installation tool shall be capable of providing. This standard does not address: Materials used or their properties. Protective finish. Physical environment of the weapon. Explosive interface or features (e.g., insensitive munitions (IM) mitigation). Charging tube. Torque on the retaining ring or loads on the load bearing surfaces.

The “holy grail” for prognostics and health management (PHM) professionals in the aviation sector is to have integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) systems incorporated into standard aircraft maintenance policies. Such a change from current aerospace industry practices would lend credibility to this field by validating its claims of reducing repair and maintenance costs and, hence, the overall cost of ownership of the asset. Ultimately, more widespread use of advanced PHM techniques will have a positive impact on safety and, for some cases, might even allow aircraft designers to reduce the weight of components because the uncertainty associated with estimating their predicted useful life can be reduced. We will discuss how standard maintenance procedures are developed, who the various stakeholders are, and – based on this understanding - outline how new PHM systems can gain the required approval to be included in these standard practices.

Mass is one important suspicious object for breast cancer diagnosis in mammograms. Computer-aided detection (CAD) based on fully supervised deep learning achieves high performance for mass detection in mammograms. The lack of fine-grained expert labels becomes the bottleneck for the large-scale application of CAD to achieve detection in mammograms. Weakly supervised methods provide a solution to tackle the annotation problems, including in the application for mass detection. However, previous works face the problem of insufficient localization information, which affect the ability of mass detection. In this paper, we propose a multi-view enhancing mass detection network (MVMDNet) with dual view inputs that contains craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) view of mammograms, where different view features are interacted and fused to enhance localization information.

AIR5317 establishes the foundation for developing a successful APU health management capability for any commercial or military operator, flying fixed wing aircraft or rotorcraft. This AIR provides guidance for demonstrating business value through improved dispatch reliability, fewer service interruptions, and lower maintenance costs and for satisfying Extended Operations (ETOPS) availability and compliance requirements.

Game-changing opportunities abound for the application of vehicle health management (VHM) across multiple transportation-related sectors, but key unresolved issues continue to impede progress. VHM technology is based upon the broader field of advanced analytics. Much of traditional analytics efforts to date have been largely descriptive in nature and offer somewhat limited value for large-scale enterprises. Analytics technology becomes increasingly valuable when it offers predictive results or, even better, prescriptive results, which can be used to identify specific courses of action. It is this focus on action which takes analytics to a higher level of impact, and which imbues it with the potential to materially impact the success of the enterprise. Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically machine learning technology, shows future promise in the VHM space, but it is not currently adequate by itself for high-accuracy analytics.

Abstract To assist in initializing the conceptual design of hypersonic aircraft, we outline a new, systematic framework based on historical aircraft data and primarily composed of design data and regression models. It is a rapid, low-fidelity analysis to provide a starting point for the conceptual design process by (1) assessing the performance capabilities of four types of high-speed aircraft, (2) providing initial estimates for weights and geometry with uncertainty, and (3) exploring how changes in these affect performance within design spaces. Using this framework, an initial set of reasonable aircraft configurations is obtained based on speed, altitude, and payload requirements, which can serve to accelerate the design process and avoid unforeseen problems later in the design cycle. An example is provided to demonstrate the application of the framework to launch the conceptual design of a new hypersonic aircraft with a given set of mission requirements.

This document includes a standard set of management practices that can be used, or espoused, by the OEMs for use during the design and development of electronic systems to mitigate the effects of future Diminishing Manufacturing Sources and Material Shortages (DMSMS). While this document focuses primarily on microelectronic devices, the methods described here may also apply to other commodities.

To many, a digital twin offers “functionality,” or the ability to virtually rerun events that have happened on the real system and the ability to simulate future performance. However, this requires models based on the physics of the system to be built into the digital twin, links to data from sensors on the real live system, and sophisticated algorithms incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). All of this can be used for integrated vehicle health management (IVHM) decisions, such as determining future failure, root cause analysis, and optimized energy performance. All of these can be used to make decisions to optimize the operation of an aircraft—these may even extend into safety-based decisions.

Abstract - The Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan) was developed to assess injury in Live Fire Test and Evaluation (LFTE) and laboratory development tests of vehicles and vehicle technologies subjected to underbody blast (UBB) loading. While UBB events impart primarily vertical loading, the occupant location in the vehicle relative to the blast can result in some inherent non-vertical, or off-axis loading. In this study, the WIAMan Technology Demonstrator (TD) was subjected to 18 tests with a 350g, 5-ms time duration drop tower pulse using an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) energy attenuating seat in four conditions: purely vertical, 15° forward tilt, 15° rearward tilt, and 15° lateral tilt to simulate the partly off-axis loading of an UBB event. The WIAMan TD showed no signs of damage upon inspection. Time history data indicates the magnitude, curve shape, and timing of the response data were sensitive to the off-axis loading in the lower extremity, pelvis, and spine.

This Aerospace Standard (AS) is to be used to supplement AS7108. In addition to the requirements contained in AS7108, the requirements contained herein shall apply to suppliers seeking NADCAP accreditation for painting and dry film coatings.

Abstract The demand for contactless, rapid manufacturing has increased over the years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additive manufacturing (AM), a type of rapid manufacturing, is a computer-based system that precisely manufactures products. It proves to be a faster, cheaper, and more efficient production system when integrated with cloud-based manufacturing (CBM). Similarly, the need for semiconductors has grown exponentially over the last five years. Several companies could not keep up with the increasing demand for many reasons. One of the main reasons is the lack of a workforce due to the COVID-19 protocols. This article proposes a novel technique to manufacture semiconductor chips in a fast-paced manner. An algorithm is integrated with cloud, machine vision, sensors, and email access to monitor with live feedback and correct the manufacturing in case of an anomaly.

The first issue of the National Automotive Center Technical Review, this report is a collection of technical papers developed by leading NAC engineers, scientists and industry partners to demonstrate the ongoing work to improve automotive performance, safety and endurance while reducing the cost of both military and civilian vehicles. Published by National Automotive Center. Distributed by SAE.

Author Francis Bradford, a former Hall-Scott engineer, provides valuable resources and insight not available to any other Hall-Scott researcher. Well-illustrated with numerous photos, drawings, and memos, this fascinating book will be of interest to history buffs in the areas of aviation, rail, marine, trucks, buses, fire equipment, and industrial engines, and to World War and military historians.

Created to elevate expertise in testing, verification, and validation with industry-specific terminology, readers are empowered to navigate the complex world of quality assurance. From foundational concepts to advanced principles, each entry provides clarity and depth, ensuring the reader becomes well-versed in the language of precision. This dictionary is an indispensable companion for both professionals and students seeking to unravel the nuances of testing methodologies, verification techniques, and validation processes. Readers will be equipped with the tools to communicate effectively, make informed decisions, and excel in projects. In addition, references to SAE Standards are included to direct the reader to additional information beyond a practical definition.