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Aiming at the abnormal vibration of driver seat of a passenger car in idle condition, vibration acceleration of engine, frame and seat rail was tested to identify vibration sources. Order tracking and spectrogram analysis indicated that the second order self-excitation of engine was the main cause. To solve the problem, semi-active controlled hydraulic engine mount with air spring of which characteristics could shift between a high dynamic stiffness and a low one was applied. Then the structure and principle of the mount with variable characteristics was introduced and control mode was analyzed. Dynamic characteristics were obtained by bench test. With sample mount applied, vibration of seat rail was tested again in multiple vehicle and engine working conditions. Dates showed that abnormal vibration in idle condition was extremely reduced and the mount could also meet the requirement of engine to dynamic stiffness in driving conditions.

Magneto-rhelological(MR) dampers are devices that use rheological fluids to modify the mechanical properties of fluid absorber. The mechanical simplicity, high dynamic range, large force capacity, lower power requirements, robustness and safe manner of operation have made MR dampers attractive devices for semi-active real-time control in civil, aerospace and automotive applications. Landing gear is one of the most essential components of the aircraft, which plays an extreme important role in preventing the airframe from vibration and excessive impact forces, improving passenger comfortable characteristics and increasing aircraft flight safety. In this paper, the semi-active system used in landing gear damping controller design, simulation, and the vibration test-bed are discussed and researched. The MR dampers employed in landing gear system were designed, manufactured and characterized as available semi-active actuators.

The performance parameters of torsional vibration damper, including stiffness and damping, have great influence on the torsional vibration of automobile driveline. At present, the research on torsional vibration damper mainly concentrates on the torsional stiffness, but rarely on the torsional damping characteristics. This paper systematically studied the effect of torsional stiffness and damping on torsional vibration of automobile driveline under uniform speed conditions, accelerated and decelerated conditions, idling conditions and resonance conditions. The requirements on stiffness and damping of various operating conditions were summarized. The effect and requirements researched were useful to performance match design of torsional vibration damper.

In this paper, a 2-DOF experimental equipment of active suspension is developed. This system is hydro-pneumatic type and is controlled through oil flow. A control strategy based on output feedback and frequency shaping is proposed and realized on this model. Output feedback can reduce the number of system states that should be measured and thus simplify the complexity and improve the reliability of the system. Because of the different human sensitivity to different frequency ranges of vibration, it is necessary to pay effort on the suppression of vibration according to human sensitivity. Frequency shaping technology is thus applied on performance index to improve the ride quality. Several types of measurement versions are investigated and optimized. Simulation results indicate that using sprung mass velocity and suspension deflection, the system performance can approach the full-state feedback system performance.

Air spring has a variable stiffness characteristic, its vibration frequency is much lower than that of leaf spring and will not vary with load of vehicle. More and more air springs are applied on automobile suspension. A study on the automobile ride comfort, and the controllability and stability about the bus with air suspension is performed in the paper, which is based on multi-body system dynamics.

The in-wheel-motor (IWM) drive system has some interesting features, such as the vibration of this structure at low velocity. An explanation of this phenomenon is given in this paper by considering the dynamics performance of the in-wheel motor drive system under small slip ratio conditions. Firstly, a frequency response function (FRF) is deduced for the drive system that is composed of a dynamic tire model and a simplified motor model. Furthermore, an equation between the resonance velocity with the parameters of the drive system is obtained by combining the resonance frequency of this drive system with the fundamental frequency of the motor. The correctness of the equation is demonstrated through simulations and experimental tests on different road surfaces. The impact of different parameters on the vibration can be explained by this equation, which can give the engineer some instructions to design a control method to avoid this feature.

In order to solve the abnormal vibration of a light bus, order tracking analysis of finite element simulation and road test was made to identify the vibration source, finding that the rotation angular frequency of the wheels and the first two natural frequency of the body structure overlaps, resonance occurring which lead to increased vibration. To stagger the first two natural frequency and excitation frequency of the body, thickness of sheet metal and skeleton of the body-in-white were chosen as the design variables, rise of the first two natural frequency of the body-in-white as the optimization objective, optimal design and sensitivity analysis of the body-in-white was carried out with the modal analysis theory. Combining with the modal sensitivity and mass sensitivity of sheet metal and skeleton, the optimum design was achieved and tests analysis was conducted.

To find out the main excitation sources of a bus floor's vibration, modal analysis and spectral analysis were respectively performed in the paper. First we tested the vibration modal of the bus's floor under the full-load condition, and the first ten natural frequencies and vibration modes were obtained for the source identification of the bus floor's vibration. Second the vibration characteristic of the bus floor was measured in an on-road experiment. The acceleration sensors were arranged on the bus's floor and the possible excitation sources of the bus, which includes engine mounting system, driveline system, exhaust system, and wheels. Then the on-road experiment was carefully conducted on a highway under the four kinds of test condition: in-situ acceleration, uniform velocity (90km/h, 100km/h, 110km/h, 120km/h), uniform acceleration with top gear, and stall sliding condition with neutral gear.

Torsional vibration of drive shaft has great influence on the vibration of vehicle. Reasonable phase arrangement of multi-universal coupling can attenuate vibration. In this paper, theoretical model of drive shaft with planar multi-cross universal coupling was established; the optimization scheme of the phase arrangement of multi-cross universal coupling was presented. The results of test validation and simulation show that the optimization scheme is effective and reasonable. The results of test validation and simulation show that the optimization scheme was effective and reasonable and the optimized scheme could solve the abnormal vibration on floor. Arranging phases of universal joints reasonably is very significative for attenuate the torsional vibration of drive shaft and the floor vibration.

Lane detection and tracking play a key role in autonomous driving, not only in the LKA System but help estimate the pose of the vehicle. While there has been significant development in recent years, traditional outdoor SLAM algorithms still struggle to provide reliable information in challenging dynamic environments such as lack of roadside landscape or surrounding vehicles at almost the same speed or on the road in the woods. On the structured road, lane markings as static semantic features may provide a stable landmark assist in robust localization. As most of the current lane detection work mainly on separated images ignoring the relationship between adjacent frames, we propose a pixel-level lane tracking method for autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we introduce a deep network to detect and track lane features. The network has two parallel branches. One branch detects the lane position, while the other extracts the point description on a pixel level.

A low frequency vibration issue around 3.2 Hz occurs during a commercial heavy truck program development process, and it is linked to extremely uncomfortable driving and riding experiences. This work focuses on an analytical effort to resolve the issue by first building a full vehicle MBS (multi-body-system) model, and then carrying out vibration response analyses. The model validation is performed by using full vehicle testing in terms of structural modes and frequency response characteristics. In order to resolve the issue which is excited by tire non-uniformity, the influence of the cab suspension, frame modes, front leaf spring system and rear tandem suspension is analyzed. The root cause of the issue is found to be the poor isolation of the rear tandem suspension system. The analytical optimization effort establishes the resolution measure for the issue.

For the roll vibration problem of a Truck, a 4-DOF roll vibration model of its front suspension system was built. According to dynamics theory, the complex modal vibration modes of the model were all obtained. At the same time, the frequency response functions of frame roll angle acceleration, the relative dynamic load of wheel and the suspension dynamic deflection were respectively presented. Then their characteristics were respectively researched. In the process of characteristic analysis, a new system parameter was proposed, which is the space ratio of the space between suspensions of left and right sides and the wheel track of the front axle (space ratio in short). At last, the influence of system parameters on the vibration transmission property was also reserached, which included the natural frequency of the frame, the damping ratio, the stiffness ratio, the mass ratio, the rotational inertia ratio and the space ratio.

In order to study the influence of body flexibility on the truck ride comfort, a 4 DOF half vibration model of truck based on the motion synthesis between rigid body and body flexibility is established using elastic beam theory of equal section with both free ends. At the same time, a corresponding 2 DOF rigid vibration model is also built. The frequency response functions of system and response variables of two models are derived based on front wheel. The power spectral densities and the root mean square values of body acceleration, dynamic deflections and relative dynamic loads are obtained. By comparing the simulation results of rigid-elastic model and rigid model, it shows that body flexibility has a great impact on truck ride comfort and it cannot be ignored.

Rattle noise as an error state of cabin noise in vehicles has become an important topic both in research and application. In engineering, the commonly used method to evaluate and detect rattle issues is greatly dependent on experts’ personal auditory perception. People judge a noise simply as “loud” and “not loud” or “qualified” and “unqualified.” A more objective method needs to be developed to eliminate the randomness of subjective evaluation. In this paper, a rig test of the seatbelt retractors was performed, and simulated random excitation was applied to the test samples through the MB vibration test bench in a semi-anechoic chamber. The rattle noises were recorded by HEAD SQuadriga II. Various methods were employed to identify and assess the severity of rattle noise on seatbelt retractors.

Numerical simulations on the fluid-structure interaction were conducted using commercial software STAR-CCM+ and ABAQUS. The aeroelastic responses of a deflector under several different working conditions were simulated utilizing finite volume and finite element methods to investigate the aeroelastic problem of automotive deflectors. Results showed that the structural response of a top deflector is minimal under the influence of aerodynamics given its large structural stiffness. The size of the top deflector was optimised by using thickness as a variable. The volume and quality of the top deflector were significantly reduced, and its lightweight performance was improved to satisfy the stiffness performance requirement. The vibration of a side deflector structure was mainly induced by the turbulence on the structure surface. The amplitude of vibration was small and the vibration gradually converged in a few seconds without obvious regularity.

The concept of “bionic design” has driven the developments of automotive design. In this paper, a novel beak-shaped automotive tail fin with honeycomb cellular structure is proposed based on the idea of “bionic design”. Beak-shaped appearance is utilized to meet the requirement of aerodynamics performance, inner honeycomb cellular structure is filled to achieve more lightweight space. This paper starts from the establishment of three dimensional (3D) model based on the real characteristics of sparrow’s beak. On this basis, aerodynamic performances of novel beak-shaped tail fin and conventional shark tail fin are analyzed by experiment. Finally, the stiffness and modal analyses of solid beak-shaped tail fin and honeycomb beak-shaped tail fin are carried out respectively. The results indicate that the deformation of solid beak-shaped tail fin and honeycomb beak-shaped tail fin satisfy the basic requirements.

A vehicle vibration issue emerged for a hybrid prototype during low speed driving in EV mode. This work is focused on the effort to identify the root cause and resolve the issue. The endeavor begins by performing a motor test in moderate acceleration with an imposed constant torque load. All relevant information is simultaneously recorded, including vehicle speed, vibration of motor structure and seat track, motor rpm, voltage and current signals, etc. Then analyses are carried out to strive for a better understanding of the vibration characteristics and identify its mechanism. It is found that the torque ripple from the driving motor is the root cause of the low speed vehicle vibration in EV mode, and the torque ripple is found to be induced by the current distortion resulted from the current sensor drift and electromagnetic interference due to high current signals.

This paper addresses the issues of long-term signal loss in localization and cumulative drift in SLAM-based online mapping and localization in autonomous valet parking scenarios. A GPS, INS, and SLAM fusion localization framework is proposed, enabling centimeter-level localization with wide scene adaptability at multiple scales. The framework leverages the coupling of LiDAR and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to create a point cloud map within the parking environment. The IMU pre-integration information is used to provide rough pose estimation for point cloud frames, and distortion correction, line and plane feature extraction are performed for pose estimation. The map is optimized and aligned with a global coordinate system during the mapping process, while a visual Bag-of-Words model is built to remove dynamic features.

To address the issue of PID control for automotive vibration, this paper supplements and develops the evaluation of automotive vibration characteristics, and proposes a vibration response quantity for evaluating the energy dissipation characteristics of automotive vibration. A two-degree-of-freedom single wheel model for automotive vibration control is established, and the conventional vibration response variables for ride comfort evaluation and the energy consumption vibration response variables for energy dissipation characteristics evaluation are determined. This paper uses the Adaptive Differential Evolution (ADE) algorithm to tune the PID control parameters and introduces an adaptive mutation factor to improve the algorithm's adaptability. Several commonly used adaptive mutation factors are summarized in this paper, and their effects on algorithm improvement are compared.