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The field of motor vehicle rollover research and testing has been one of multiple and varied approaches, dating back to at least the 1930's. The approach has been as simple as tipping a vehicle over at the top of a steep hill ( Wilson et al., 1972 ), to as complex as releasing a vehicle from an elevated roll spit mounted to the rear of a moving tractor and trailer ( Cooper et al., 2001 and Carter et al., 2002 ). Presenter Peter Luepke, P Luepke Consulting

APPLICATION: Premium quality bolts and screws for use up to 600 F (315 C) where a high strength lightweight fastener is required.

Abstract Truck platooning comprises a number of trucks equipped with automated lateral and longitudinal vehicle control technology, which allows them to move in tight formation with short following distances. This study is an initial step toward developing an understanding of the occupant injury risks associated with the multiple sequential impacts between truck platoons and roadside safety barriers, regardless of whether the crash is associated with a malfunction of automated control or human operation. Full-scale crash impacts of a tractor-trailer platoon into a concrete bridge guardrail were simulated for a specific Test Level condition according to the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) standards. The model of the bridge barrier was developed based on its drawings, and material properties were assigned according to literature data.

Abstract In motorcycles, when they are traveling at medium to high speed, the roll stability is usually maintained by the restoration force generated by self-steering effect. However, when the vehicle is stationary or traveling in low speed, sufficient restoring force does not occur because some of the forces, such as centrifugal force, become small. In our study, we aimed at prototyping a motorcycle having a roll stability realized by a steering control when the vehicle is stationary or traveling in low speed. When we considered a mathematical control model to be applied, general models of four-degree-of-freedom had a critical inconvenience that the formulae include nonlinear second derivatives making them excessively complicated for deriving a practically applicable control method. Accordingly, we originally constructed a new control model which has equivalent two point masses (upper and lower from the vehicle’s center of gravity).

Abstract The suspension system has been shown to have significant effects on vehicle performance, including handling, ride, component durability, and even energy efficiency during the design process. In this study, a new roll-plane hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) system is proposed to enhance both roll and lateral dynamics of a two-axle bus. The roll-plane stability analysis for the HIS system has been intensively explored in a number of studies, while only few efforts have been made for suspension tuning, especially considering lateral plane stability. This article aims to explore the integrated lateral and roll dynamics by suspension tuning of a two-axle bus equipped with HIS system. A ten-degree-of-freedom (DOF) lumped-mass vehicle model is integrated with either transient mechanical-hydraulic model for HIS or the traditional suspension components, namely, shock absorber and anti-roll bar (ARB).

Recent field data have shown that the occupant protection in vehicle rear seats failed to keep pace with advances in the front seats likely due to the lack of advanced safety technologies. The objective of this study was to optimize advanced restraint systems for protecting rear seat occupants with a range of body sizes under different frontal crash pulses. Three series of sled tests (baseline tests, advanced restraint trial tests, and final tests), MADYMO model validations against a subset of the sled tests, and design optimizations using the validated models were conducted to investigate rear seat occupant protection with 4 Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) and 2 crash pulses.

Dynamic impact test represent various automotive collision conditions. The impact testing recommended practice is intended to recognize the capabilities of autonomous vehicles while at the same time recognizing the vehicle fleet into which they are introduced will consist of non-autonomous vehicles for a considerable period of time. The scope of the document is to cover the range of impact conditions expected taking into account the capabilities of the vehicle and the impact testing technology now available for performance evaluation including virtual and physical testing.

This document describes a method for measuring deformations, and fragment distribution patterns during an impact between a soft or frangible projectile and a regular helispherical leading edge. The document describes the hardware, setup, and instrumentation required. In this test method a soft body projectile impacts a helispherical leading edge symmetric to the curvature and centric in the transversal direction. The ductile target is backup by a rigid adapter structure behind. The target must be sufficiently large so that the projectile flows around its curvature and induces an indentation. This test is intended for measuring the remaining plastic deformation of the target after the impact. The projectile breakup pattern data may also be captured during this test. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are considered separate standards. The values stated in each system may not be exactly equivalent; therefore, each system must be considered as independent.

This document describes a method for measuring deformations from a normal impact between a soft or frangible projectile and clamped plate. The document describes the hardware, setup, and instrumentation required. In this test method a soft body projectile impacts a square ductile plate clamped on all four sides. This test is intended for measuring the remaining plastic deformation of the target after the impact.The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are considered separate standards. The values stated in each system may not be exactly equivalent; therefore, each system must be considered as independent. This standard does not address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of each user of this standard to ensure that any safety issues are properly addressed.

This document defines the Level 1 tests required for qualifying an artificial bird for certification testing of aircraft and aircraft engines. Level 1 refers to the lowest level of the test pyramid associated with the building block approach defined in the CMH-17 Composite Materials Handbook. The test pyramid consists of a sequence of 5 levels of testing, ranging from the most basic at the lowest level of the pyramid to the most complex at the apex. Typically the number of tests performed has an inverse relationship to the complexity of the tests. The building block approach is used for defining the tests required to qualify an artificial bird that would be accepted by regulatory agencies for certification testing of aircraft, including rotorcraft, fixed wing fuselages and engines, where bird strike testing is currently required. This document only describes the tests required for Level 1 of the test pyramid. Separate documents define the tests required at higher levels.

Prevention of catastrophic upset mishaps cannot depend solely on recovery training. The proposed document should complement the training initiatives already in place. As a committee dealing with transport human factors and handling qualities, the output must consider both issues. At the same time, we cannot ignore initial and recurrent training issues and the widespread use of ground-based simulators. The plan would follow the approach taken in the 2003 S-7 white paper but would extend the scope to all forms of LOC, not just repeated rudder reversals. As with the white pa-per, the new document would have sections on transport handling qualities, flight control modes, aircraft displays, simulator requirements, and approval for IFR test evaluations as well as covering training issues. This new document would complement, not replace documents such as the Airplane Upset Recovery Training Aid.

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of bars and rods 0.500 inch (12.7 mm) to 8.000 inches (203.2 mm) in nominal diameter or least difference between parallel sides and up to 50 square inches (322.6 square centimeters) in cross-sectional area (see 8.7).

For over 30 years, field research and laboratory testing has consistently demonstrated that proper utilization of a seat belt dramatically reduces the risk of occupant death or serious injury in motor vehicle crashes. The injury prevention benefits of seat belts require that they remain fastened during collisions. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and SAE Recommended Practices set forth seat belt requirements to ensure proper buckle performance in accident conditions. Numerous analytical and laboratory studies have investigated buckle inertial release properties. Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that current buckle designs have inertial release thresholds well above those believed to occur in real-world crashes. Nevertheless, inertial release theories persist. Various conceptual amplification theories, coupled with high magnitude accelerations measured on vehicle frame components are used as support for these release theories.

This document provides recommended practices for impact testing of ground vehicle that are also aero-capable. The scope characterizes recommended impact testing taking into account the unique design characteristics involved in aero-capable ground vehicle

This specification covers one type of high-contrast, medium-grain radiographic film in the form of cut sheets or rolls.

This specification covers one type of high-contrast, medium-grain radiographic film in the form of cut sheets or rolls.