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Journal Article

(R)evolution of E/E Architectures

2015-04-14
2015-01-0196
Functionalities such as automated driving, connectivity and cyber-security have gained increasing importance over the past few years. The importance of these functionalities will continue to grow as these cutting-edge technologies mature and market acceptance increases.
Journal Article

A Systematic Mapping Study on Security Countermeasures of In-Vehicle Communication Systems

2021-11-16
Abstract The innovations of vehicle connectivity have been increasing dramatically to enhance the safety and user experience of driving, while the rising numbers of interfaces to the external world also bring security threats to vehicles. Many security countermeasures have been proposed and discussed to protect the systems and services against attacks. To provide an overview of the current states in this research field, we conducted a systematic mapping study (SMS) on the topic area “security countermeasures of in-vehicle communication systems.” A total of 279 papers are identified based on the defined study identification strategy and criteria. We discussed four research questions (RQs) related to the security countermeasures, validation methods, publication patterns, and research trends and gaps based on the extracted and classified data. Finally, we evaluated the validity threats and the whole mapping process.
Best Practice

AVSC Best Practice for Describing an Operational Design Domain: Conceptual Framework and Lexicon

2020-04-15
CURRENT
AVSC00002202004
An ADS-operated vehicle’s operational design domain (ODD) is defined by the manufacturer based on numerous factors. Research is underway at other organizations to define and organize ODD elements into taxonomies and other relational constructs. In order to enhance collaboration and communication between manufacturers and developers and transportation authorities, common terms and consistent frameworks are needed. The conceptual framework presented by Automated Vehicle Safety Consortium establishes a lexicon that can be used consistently by ADS developers and manufacturers responsible for defining their ADS ODD. A common framework and lexicon will reduce confusion, align expectations, and therefore build public trust, acceptance, and confidence.
Technical Paper

Applying Concolic Testing to the Automotive Domain

2024-04-09
2024-01-2802
Symbolic code execution is a powerful cybersecurity testing approach that facilitates the systematic exploration of all paths within a program to uncover previously unknown cybersecurity vulnerabilities. ...Symbolic code execution is a powerful cybersecurity testing approach that facilitates the systematic exploration of all paths within a program to uncover previously unknown cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This is achieved through a Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solver, which operates on symbolic values for program inputs instead of using their concrete counterparts.
Technical Paper

Attacking Ground Vehicles with Ransomware: Watch the Horizon

2022-03-29
2022-01-0358
Ransomware is not a new method of malware infection. This historically had been experienced in the enterprise in nearly every industry. This has been especially problematic in the medical and manufacturing fields. As the attackers saturate the specifically targeted industries, the attackers will expand their target industries. One of these which has not been significantly explored by the ransomware groups are the embedded systems and automobile environment. This set of targets is massive and provides for a vast attack potential. While this has not experienced this attack methodology at length, the research and efforts are creeping towards this as a natural extension of the business. The research focusses on the history of ransomware, uses in the enterprise, possible attack vectors with ground vehicles, and defenses to be explored and implemented to secure automobiles, fleets, and the industries.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: February 3, 2015

2015-02-03
Getting a grip on AWD efficiency The safety and performance benefits of all-wheel drive are undeniable, but so are the penalties of added weight, friction losses, and complexity. Clever axle disconnects and E-axles are driving future AWD developments. E pluribus unum Inputs from many sensors are being combined to give safety systems a true vision of vehicle surroundings, with the resulting sensor fusion becoming a mainstay of autonomous vehicle electronics. Lightweighting poses repair challenges Mass-produced aluminum bodies and mixed-material structures present challenges for assembly and repair, as automakers increasingly pursue these lightweight strategies. Setting the standard Meggitt CTO Emeritus begins term at helm of SAE International, seeks to encourage cross-sector relations, elevate image of SAE as aerospace industry leader.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: July 1, 2014

2014-07-01
Global Viewpoints The latest strategies are investigated for vehicle development by automakers and major suppliers. Sports cars embrace array of green technology IMSA Tudor United SportsCar Championship promotes a variety of green technologies to link racing to the road. More gears, more challenges Many strategies, as well as key software and hardware aspects related to controllers, networks, sensors, and actuators, must be considered to keep automatic transmissions shifting smoothly as more gears are added to improve fuel economy. Advancing structural composites Industry experts address the opportunities and challenges involved with moving toward composite-intensive vehicles, including Nissan's effort to produce a high-volume, fully recyclable composite liftgate with low metal content.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: June 2, 2015

2015-06-02
Balancing GDI fuel economy and emissions Will OEMs have to adopt gasoline particulate filters to comply with stringent new emissions regulations? Top engineers discuss current developments. Cameras look to go the distance Automakers seek vision systems with greater distances, improved reliability, and more functionality, thanks to ruggedized complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technologies. Mixing metals Cadillac pursues aluminum/steel mix for new CT6 luxury sedan, leading to advances in body assembly.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: March 2017

2017-03-02
Thought leadership at WCX17 Lucid Motors' David Moseley: EV or ICE, "It is all physics" New eye on the road One of the industry's hottest tech suppliers is blazing the autonomy trail by crowd-sourcing safe routes and using AI to learn to negotiate the road. Mobileye's co-founder and CTO explains. Hard, slick and ready to roll A tough, self-renewing catalyst coating developed at Argonne National Laboratory provides unprecedented friction and wear protection for vehicle powertrains, the inventors claim. Sensor ICs, semiconductors and safety To achieve ISO 26262 compliance, engineering practices must be taken to a higher level. The following insights may prove valuable for getting there. New VCR targets 40% BTE Variable-compression ratio with VVA from France's MCE-5.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: March 2018

2018-03-08
Truck Tech War! Ford, GM, and Ram arm their profit-pumping half-ton pickups for the 2020s' efficiency battle. Mobility mecca: WCX 2018 Provocative thought leaders, emerging disruptors, and the industry's best networking and career guidance all under one big roof: the 2018 SAE World Congress Experience is coming April 10-12. Mercedes adopts Harman UX for A-Class The 'smart' architecture is capable of OTA updates and features more-accurate voice recognition. Spark of genius Mazda's Skyactiv-X-the nexus of gasoline and diesel tech-remains on track for 2019 production. We test-drive recent prototypes to check development status. Taking aim at the drowsy-driver threat Hyundai Mobis is leveraging Level 4 tech to move 'departed' drivers safely off the road. Editorial: Fear and loathing on the path to Level 4 driving Supplier Eye Variability, risk and the value stream The Navigator How will automated vehicles deal with potholes?
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: May 2017

2017-05-04
Innovations for lightweighting Tough fuel-economy bogies for 2021 and beyond are driving new approaches to materials use, as seen in these case studies. Axellent progress AAM's new Quantum drive-axle technology is a leap forward in lightweight, efficient driveline systems aimed at 2020 and beyond. Low-temperature combustion ready for prime time? At SAE's High-Efficiency IC Engines Symposium, Delphi said its new, third-generation GDCI is promising, but even LTC proponents admit that challenges remain. More automation for ECU testing The latest fault-insertion tests enable engineers to run more test cases in less time.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: May 2022

2022-05-01
Honda airs it out Honda's aerodynamic and NVH development gets a breath of fresh air from its first full-scale wind tunnel in North America. Two-wheeled tech: The latest in motorcycle applications Drawing heavily from automotive advances, the latest in connectivity, safety and convenience are infiltrating the moto world. Nobium: magic metal for battery anodes? Increased cell capacity and rapid recharging in thermal extremes are potential benefits of electrode chemistries fortified by the humble element Nb. Editorial Reconsidering hybrids Supplier Eye Preparing for a lumpy EV transition SAE WCX 2022: ICE won't melt amid shift to EVs ICE life-extension: searching for more solutions Stellantis' Hurricane is coming Bringing back the hot hatch: 2023 Toyota GR Corolla 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee plugs in Q&A Eunjoo Hopkins, vehicle synthesis manager for the 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee 4xe, talks about meeting vehicle-integration "science goals" for the hybridized 2022 Grand Cherokee.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: May Digital 2023

2023-05-01
Finding solutions for Sustainable Mobility SAE created its SMS team to help industry rethink itself as part of the new industrial revolution and the EV transition within it. Debarbonizing the EV battery supply chain Altering manufacturing processes and using a much higher percentage of low emission energy can help the battery industry get greener rapidly, according to a new McKinsey & Co. report. Europe's dust buster The pending Euro 7 vehicle-emissions regulations include a significant new sustainability wrinkle: first-ever restrictions for PM emissions from brakes. E-fueling for the future The development of carbon-neutral e-fuels enjoyed a major boost from European regulators, but production cost and scale remain issues. Fuels to transition the global legacy fleet The EV bandwagon has obscured potential solutions for decarbon-izing the enormous global ICE legacy fleet.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: November 3, 2016

2016-11-03
SAE Convergence 2016 Talk of the healthy aspects of disruption mingles with SAE's renowned technical emphasis to foster the auto industry's continuing evolution toward electrification and autonomy. The Battery Man Speaks The speed of progress in automotive lithium batteries has impressed AABC's Dr. Menahem Anderman. So has silicon-graphite anode technology development from Tesla and Panasonic. Industry 4.0: The smart factory arrives The plants that produce automotive systems and vehicles are increasingly employing intelligent systems, Big Data and advanced analytics to improve quality, safety and efficiency. Editorial: Promise of 48 volts is no shock Nissan unveils variable-compression-ratio ICE for 2018 Infiniti production model Optimizing engine oil warm-up strategies for 'real-world' driving In search of higher-energy-content batteries Making Multiphysics fast and convenient I.D.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: November 2017

2017-11-02
700 miles, hands-free! GM's Super Cruise turns Cadillac drivers into passengers in a well-engineered first step toward greater vehicle autonomy. Toyota rethinks the Flagship The 2018 Lexus LS moves to twin-turbo V6 power and piles on the takumi. Honda 2018 Accord: Antidote for crossover fever The all-new, tenth-generation Accord is Honda's best-ever-and makes the case for why crossovers shouldn't take over the planet. Autonomy testing: Simulation to the rescue Autonomous technology development injects new rigors on vehicle-development testing.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: October 6, 2015

2015-10-06
2016 Malibu sheds 300 lb, adds new hybrid system More wheelbase, style, fuel economy, and comfort aim to move GM's volume midsize sedan from the sidelines to the fast lane. Lighter, more powerful 2016 Honda Pilot The third-generation SUV gets a sleek new look and plenty of slick technology for enhanced performance and safety. 2016 Mazda MX-5 stays true to its roots Mazda engineers give the industry a lesson in getting more from less. 2016 Land Rover Discovery Sport spearheads more efficient Land Rovers JLR's space-efficient, flexible SUV moves to JLR's new Ingenium modular engines. Audi chooses high technology, cautious design evolution for new A4 In addition to lighter weight and significant improvements in efficiency, the new car employs plenty of technology and driver support.
Magazine

Automotive Engineering: September 1, 2015

2015-09-01
Driving EVs toward lower cost The race is on to reduce battery and electric-drive systems costs while improving efficiency. Seeking ways to make better computer crashes New models and simulations help improve safety as software and hardware provide more realism to iterate designs more quickly. Evaluating aluminum bonds Adhesively joined aluminum alloy sheets present challenges that steel-adhesive joints do not. Ford researchers present a modified technique to inspect Al-adhesive joints in lab and production environments. Leading the attack on engine pumping losses Cylinder deactivation delivers real-world fuel economy gains, helping vehicles to meet and exceed their sticker numbers. That's why the downsized/boosted guys now want it on their engines.
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